TEST BANK FOR Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology 13th Edition BY HALL

TEST BANK FOR Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology 13th Edition BY HALL TEST BANK FOR Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology 13th Edition BY HALL ST BANK FOR GUYTON AND HALL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY 13 TH EDITION BY JOHN E. HALL SOLUTION MANUAL FOR ALL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SUCCESS A+ Table of Contents I. Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General Physiology 1. Functional Organization of the Human Body and Control of the "Internal Environment" 2. The Cell and Its Functions 3. Genetic Control of Protein Synthesis, cell function, and cell reproduction II. Membrane Physiology, Nerve, and Muscle 4. Transport of Substances Through Cell Membranes 5. Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials 6. Contraction of Skeletal Muscle 7. Excitation of Skeletal Muscle: Neuromuscular Transmission and ExcitationContraction Coupling 8. Excitation and Contraction of Smooth Muscle III. The Heart 9. Cardiac Muscle; The Heart as a Pump and Function of the Heart Valves 10. Rhythmical Excitation of the Heart 11. The Normal Electrocardiogram 12. Electrocardiographic Interpretation of Cardiac Muscle and Coronary Blood Flow Abnormalities: Vectorial Analysis 13.Cardiac Arrhythmias and Their Electrocardiographic Interpretation IV. The Circulation 14. Overview of the Circulation; Biophysics of Pressure, Flow, and Resistance 15. Vascular Distensibility and Functions of the Arterial and Venous Systems 16. The Microcirculation and Lymphatic System: Capillary Fluid Exchange, Interstitial Fluid, and Lymph Flow 17. Local and Humoral Control of Tissue Blood Flow 18. Nervous Regulation of the Circulation and Rapid Control of Arterial Pressure 19. Role of the Kidneys in Long-Term Control of Arterial Pressure and in Hypertension: The Integrated System for Aterial Pressure Regulation 20. Cardiac Output, Venous Return, and Their Regulation 21. Muscle Blood Flow and Cardiac Output During Exercise; the Coronary Circulation and Ischemic Heart Disease 22. Cardiac Failure 23. Heart Valves and Heart Sounds; Valvular and Congenital Heart Defects 24. Circulatory Shock and Its Treatment V. The Body Fluids and Kidneys 25. The Body Fluid Compartments: Extracellular and Intracellular Fluids; Edema 26. The Urinary System: Functional Anatomy and Urine Formation by the Kidneys 27. Glomerular Filtration, Renal Blood Flow, and Their Control 28. Renal Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion 29. Urine Concentration and Dilution; Regulation of Extracellular Fluid Osmolarity and Sodium Concentration 30. Renal Regulation of Potassium, Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium; Integration of Renal Mechanisms for Control of Blood Volume and Extracellular Fluid Volume 31. Acid-Base Regulation 32. Diuretics, Kidney Diseases VI. Blood Cells, Immunity, and Blood Coagulation 33. Red Blood Cells, Anemia, and Polycythemia 34. Resistance of the Body to Infection: I. Leukocytes, Granulocytes, the MonocyteMacrophage System, and Inflammation 35. Resistance of the Body to Infection: II. Immunity and Allergy 36. Blood Types; Transfusion; Tissue and Organ Transplantation 37. Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation VII. Respiration 38. Pulmonary Ventilation 39. Pulmonary Circulation, Pulmonary Edema, Pleural Fluid 40. Principles of Gas Exchange; Diffusion of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Through the Respiratory Membrane 41. Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Blood and Tissue Fluids 42. Regulation of Respiration 43. Respiratory Insufficiency - Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Oxygen Therapy VIII. Aviation, Space, and Deep-Sea Diving Physiology 44. Aviation, High Altitude, and Space Physiology 45. Physiology of Deep-Sea Diving and Other Hyperbaric Conditions IV. The Nervous System: A. General Principles and Sensory Physiology 46. Organization of the Nervous System, Basic Functions of Synapses, and Neurotransmitters 47. Sensory Receptors, Neuronal Circuits for Processing Information 48. Somatic Sensations: I. General Organization, the Tactile and Position Senses 49. Somatic sensations: II. Pain, Headache, and Thermal Sensations X. The Nervous System: B. The Special Senses 50. The Eye: I. Optics of Vision 51. The Eye: II. Receptor and Neural Function of the Retina 52. The Eye: III. Central Neurophysiology of Vision 53. The Sense of Hearing 54. The Chemical Senses - Taste and Smell XI. The Nervous System: C. Motor and Integrative Neurophysiology 55. Motor Functions of the Spinal Cord; the Cord Reflexes 56. Cortical and Brain Stem Control of Motor Function 57. Contributions of the Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia to Overall Motor Control 58. Cerebral Cortex, Intellectual Functions of the Brain, Learning, and Memory 59. Behavioral and Motivational Mechanisms of the Brain - The Limbic System and the Hypothalamus 60. States of Brain Activity - Sleep, Brain Waves, Epilepsy, Psychoses, and Dementia 61. The Autonomic Nervous System and the Adrenal Medulla 62. Cerebral Blood Flow, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Brain Metabolism XII. Gastrointestinal Physiology 63. General Principles of Gastrointestinal Function - Motility, Nervous Control, and Blood Circulation 64. Propulsion and Mixing of Food in the Alimentary Tract 65. Secretory Functions of the Alimentary Tract 66. Digestion and Absorption in the Gastrointestinal Tract 67. Physiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders XIII. Metabolism and Temperature Regulation 68. Metabolism of Carbohydrates and Formation of Adenosine Triphosphate 69. Lipid Metabolism 70. Protein Metabolism 71. The Liver as an Organ 72. Dietary Balances; Regulation of Feeding; Obesity and Starvation; Vitamins and Minerals 73. Energetics and Metabolic Rate 74. Body Temperature Regulation and Fever XIV. Endocrinology and Reproduction 75. Introduction to Endocrinology 76. Pituitary Hormones and Their Control by the Hypothalamus 77. Thyroid Metabolic Hormones 78. Adenocortical Hormones 79. Insulin, Glucagon, and Diabetes Mellitus 80. Parathyroid Hormone, Calcitonin, Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Vitamin D, Bone, and Teeth 81. Reproductive and Hormonal Functions of the Male (and Function of the Pineal Gland) 82. Female Physiology Before Pregnancy and Female Hormones 83. Pregnancy and Lactation 84. Fetal and Neonatal Physiology XV. Sports Physiology 85. Sports Physiology PDF Files) Chapter 01: Functional Organization of the Human Body and Control of the “Internal Environment” Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 13th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following statements about homeostasis is incorrect? a. It refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment for the body. b. Homeostatic mechanisms do not operate in diseases. c. Homeostasis requires integrated actions of the cells, tissues, organs, and multiple nervous, hormonal, and local control systems. d. Homeostatic compensations that begin after a major environmental challenge may contribute to abnormalities of body function. ANS: B 2. What is the most abundant type of cell in the human body? a. Neuron b. Epithelial cell c. Red blood cell d. White blood cell e. Vascular smooth muscle cell f. Skeletal muscle cell ANS: C 3. The most abundant substance iGnRthAeDhuEmSaLnAbBod.yCaOnMd the approximate percentage of that substance in the body is which of the following? a. Protein, 30% b. Protein, 60% c. Water, 30% d. Water, 60% e. Carbohydrate, 30% f. Carbohydrate, 60% ANS: D 4. If the feedback gain of a control system is 2.0, this means that the system is a. a negative feedback system capable of correcting 1/2 of the initial disturbance to the system. b. a negative feedback system capable of correcting 2/3 of the initial disturbance to the system. c. a negative feedback system capable of correcting 3/4 of the initial disturbance to the system. d. a positive feedback system capable of correcting 1/2 of the initial disturbance to the system. e. a positive feedback system capable of correcting 2/3 of the initial disturbance to the system. f. a positive feedback system capable of correcting 3/4 of the initial disturbance to the system. ANS: B 5. Which of the following substances has the highest extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid concentration ratio for most mammalian cells? a. Sodium ions b. Potassium ions c. Carbon dioxide d. Glucose e. Protein ANS: A 6. Exchange of substances between the cardiovascular system and the interstitial fluid occurs mainly in which of the following? a. Arteries b. Arterioles c. Capillaries d. Venules e. Veins ANS: C 7. What is the approximate distance from the capillaries to most cells of the body? a. Less than 50 angstroms b. Less than 50 microns c. Less than 50 millimeters d. Less than 100 angstroms e. Less than 100 microns f. Less than 100 millimeters ANS: A GRADESLAB.COM 8. When a person is at rest, how much time is required for the blood in the circulation to traverse the entire circulatory circuit? a. 1 second b. 1 minute c. 3 minutes d. 4 minutes e. 5 minutes ANS: B 9. The type of control system that can sometimes cause instability and vicious cycles is called a. negative feedback. b. feed-forward control. c. positive feedback. d. adaptive feedback. e. delayed negative feedback. ANS: C 10. Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in the body? a. Return of blood pressure toward normal after a hemorrhage b. Generation of action potentials in nerves c. Increased respiration rate caused by accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood d. Decreased sympathetic nervous system activity that occurs in response to increased blood pressure ANS: B 11. Which of the following is an example of a “feed-forward” control system? a. The arterial baroreceptor system b. The progressive nature of uterine contractions during childbirth c. Control of skeletal muscle movements by the brain d. Generation of an action potential ANS: C 12. Which of the following is an example of negative feedback? Example 1: Arterial baroreceptor control of blood pressure Example 2: Excitation of the respiratory center by increased blood carbon dioxide concentration Example 3: Hemorrhagic shock caused by severe blood loss a. Example 1 only b. Example 2 only c. Example 3 only d. Examples 1 and 2, but not 3 e. Examples 1, 2, and 3 ANS: D GRADESLAB.COM Chapter 02: The Cell and Its Functions Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 13th Edition MATCHING Use the terms in the following list to identify the cellular location for the steps involved in the synthesis and packaging of a secreted protein. A. Nucleolus B. Nucleus C. Agranular endoplasmic reticulum D. Granular endoplasmic reticulum E. Golgi apparatus F. Endosomes G. Peroxisomes H. Lysosomes I. Cytosol 1. Initiation of translation 2. Protein sorting and packaging 3. Gene transcription 1. ANS: I PTS: 1 2. ANS: E PTS: 1 3. ANS: B PTS: 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE NURSINGTB.COM 1. Which of the following is true for both pinocytosis and phagocytosis? A. Involves recruitment of actin filaments B. Occurs spontaneously and nonselectively C. Permits uptake of bacterium into cytosol D. Is only observed in macrophages and neutrophils E. Does not require adenosine triphosphate ANS: A PTS: 1 2. The cell membrane is least permeable to which of the following substances? A. Sodium B. Oxygen C. Ethanol D. Carbon dioxide E. Water ANS: A PTS: 1 3. Which of the following best describes the glycocalyx of a cell? A. Negatively charged carbohydrate chains that protrude into cytosol B. Negatively charged carbohydrate layer on cell surface C. Layer of anions aligned on the cytosolic surface of plasma membrane D. Large glycogen stores found in “fast” muscles E. A mechanism of cell-cell attachment ANS: B PTS: 1 4. Proteins are sorted for their delivery to lysosomes, secretory vesicles, and the plasma membrane in which of the following? A. Golgi apparatus B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum C. Nucleus D. Endocytotic vesicle ANS: A PTS: 1 5. Ubiquinone, an electron acceptor in the electron transport chain (oxidative phosphorylation), is found in which of the following? A. Inner mitochondrial membrane B. Mitochondrial matrix C. Outer mitochondrial membrane D. Nucleus ANS: A PTS: 1 6. The citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) takes place in which of the following? A. Mitochondrial matrix B. Inner mitochondrial membrane C. Outer mitochondrial membrane D. Inner mitochondrial space NURSINGTB.COM ANS: A PTS: 1 7. All the following processes depend on adenosine triphosphate except which of the following? A. Ciliary movement B. Positive chemotaxis C. Movement of oxygen across lipid bilayer D. Endocytosis E. Smooth muscle contraction ANS: C PTS: 1 8. This cytoskeletal element plays a role in certain forms of cell movement and is an essential component of the mitotic spindle . A. Phospholipids B. Glycocalyx C. F-actin D. Microtubules E. Clathrin ANS: D PTS: 1 9. Lipid synthesis occurs in which of the following locations? A. Trans-Golgi network B. Granular, or “rough,” endoplasmic reticulum C. Agranular, or “smooth,” endoplasmic reticulum D. Nucleus E. Lysosome ANS: C PTS: 1 10. The abnormal cleavage of mannose residues during the posttranslational processing of glycoproteins has been shown to result in the development of a lupus-like autoimmune disease in mice. The abnormal cleavage is due to a mutation of the enzyme -mannosidase II. Based on your understanding of the processing of membrane proteins, you would predict this enzyme to be localized to which of the following? A. Nucleus B. Cytosol C. Golgi apparatus D. Lysosomes E. Peroxisomes ANS: C PTS: 1 11. The observation that abnormal cleavage of mannose residues from glycoproteins causes an autoimmune disease in mice is most consistent with the role of which of the following structures in the normal immune response? A. Cytoskeleton B. Glycocalyx C. Peroxisomes D. Lysosomes E. Microtubules ANS: B PTS: 1 NURSINGTB.COM 12. A pure phospholipid bilayer is most permeable to which of the following? A. Sodium B. Calcium C. Chloride D. Water E. Oxygen ANS: E PTS: 1 13. Which of the following substances in most likely to represent the highest percent of cell mass in a typical cell of the body? A. Carbohydrates B. Ions C. Lipids D. Proteins E. Water ANS: E PTS: 1 14. Cholesterol in the cell membrane most likely serves which of the following functions? A. Increases membrane permeability B. Increases membrane turnover NURSINGTB.COM C. Decreases membrane fluidity D. Decreases membrane stability ANS: C PTS: 1 15. Protein molecules are most likely to be actively folded and cross-linked in which of the following structures? A. Granular endoplasmic reticulum B. Lysosome C. Ribosome D. Golgi apparatus E. Secretory granule ANS: A PTS: 1