HEMATOLOGY FINAL COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE LATEST 2023.

NUR 2063 HEMATOLOGY FINAL COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE LATEST 2023. HEMATOLOGY 1. Plasma 2. Formed Elements • Erythrocytes or RBC • Leukocytes or WBC • Thrombocytes or Platelets • The hematologic or hematopoietic system includes the blood, blood vessels, and blood forming organs ( bone marrow, spleen, liver, lymph nodes, and thymus gland). • Major function of blood is to carry necessary materials ( oxygen, nutrients ) to cells and to remove CO2 system and metabolic waste products. • It also plays a role in hormone transport, inflammatory and immune responses, temperature regulation, fluid-electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance. THREE BROAD FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD 1.Transportation • Respiratory – transport of gases by the RBC • Nutritive – transport of digested nutrients from the GIT to the different cells of the body • Excretory – transport of metabolic wastes to the kidneys and excreted as urine 2.Regulation • Hormones and other molecules that help regulate metabolism are also carried in the blood • Thermoregulation • Protection • Blood clotting • Leukocytes COMPONENTS OF THE BLOOD BLOOD • Average volume is 5 – 6 liters or approximately 6 quarts • pH is 7.35 – 7.45 • Arterial blood is usually bright red in color compared to venous blood which has a darker color, due primarily to the large concentration of oxyhemoglobin found in arterial blood PLASMA • The liquid part of the blood approximately 90% water • Also contains nutrients, ions (salts, primarily Na), respiratory gases, hormones, plasma proteins, antibodies and various wastes and products of cellular metabolism • PLASMA PROTEINS – the most abundant solutes in the plasma –Three Types 1.Albumin 2.Globulin 3.Fibrinogen FORMED ELEMENTS OF THE BLOOD Erythrocytes • Also called Red Blood Cells or RBC’s • Function primarily to ferry Oxygen in the blood to all cells in the body • Also transports Carbon dioxide out of the body • Lifespan of 120 days only • Hemoglobin in the RBC binds with the Oxygen as it is transported in the blood • Female : 12 – 16 g/100ml • Male : 13 – 18 g/100ml • Normal RBC count: about 4 – 6 million/mm³ • Hematocrit (HCT) – percentage of RBC per given volume of blood and is an important indicator of the Oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood • Female : 37 – 48% • Male : 45 – 52% a.) Plasma - fluid portion of the blood Contains : proteins / albumin fibrinogen clotting factors electrolytes waste products nutrients b.) Cellular Components 1. Leukocytes (WBC) 2. Erythrocyte (RBC) 3. Thrombocyte (Platelets) Hematopoiesis– occurs in the bone marrow ( pelvis, ribs, vertebrae and sternum. Extramedullary Hematopoiesis- the liver and the spleen produces blood cells Leukocytes • Also called White Blood Cells or WBC’s • Average value : 4,000 – 11,000 / mm³ • Protects the body against any damage.