IB Philosophy Final Exam

Descartes - Answer- This philosopher employe the dream conjecture and the evil demon conjecture as a method to doubt his own existence Camus - Answer- "I see that man going back down with a heavy yet measured step toward the torment of which he will never know the end. That hour like a breathing-space which returns as surely as his suffering, that is the hour of consciousness Hobbes - Answer- This philosopher imagined that life in a state of nature would be "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short" Lao Tzu - Answer- The Yin and Yang- a constant , dynamic balance of all things Marx - Answer- Since all survival is fastened to finite land and resources, privcatizibg the social relations of production creates class divisions between the few bosses (bourgeois) owning the modes of production and the many workers (proletariat) who must rent their bodies to owners in exchange for the necessities of survival. Buddha - Answer- Nirvana-enlightenment, perfect peace, salvation Pascal - Answer- The prospective prize for wagering that God exists is "an infinity of an infinitely happy life" Nietzsche - Answer- The Eternal Recurrence or Eternal Return Descartes - Answer- Cogito ergo sum (I think, therefore I am) Nietzsche - Answer- "God is dead, and we have killed him" John Stuart Mills - Answer- Utilitarianism- the greatest good fot the greatest number Kierkegaard - Answer- One must make a "Leap of Faith" when it comes to religious belief- there is no rational accounting for it Epicurus - Answer- There are three kinds of desires: natural, natural but not necessary and neither natural or necessary. This philosopher believed the pleasant life is to be achieved by fulfilling the forst two desires John Locke - Answer- Epistimologically, he believed the mind is a tabula rasa or blank slate and that experiences are "imprinted" upon it Kierkegaard - Answer- A Christian who challenged the Danish CHurch and is considered the