Criminology AC1.1 - Types of Crime 2023 with complete solution

Typology A systematic way of categorizing things that share characteristics or ideas in common. Typology of crime Is a way of categorizing criminal behavior. white collar crime committed by individuals that are often committed in commercial situations for financial gain. List 3 examples of white collar crime offenses -Computer/Internet fraud -Credit card fraud -Tax evasion Is white collar crime deviant or criminal? Are both criminal and deviant. Give statistics for white collar crime 33,305 cases of credit card identity fraud was reported between January and June 2018. This is 12% more than the same time period in 2017. What is a typical offender of white collar crime? Are usually people of respectability and high social status and are normally trusted by their victims. What is a typical victim of White collar crime? Are usually those who have funds to invest in finance schemes. White collar crimes - Public awareness level They are often difficult to prosecute because offenders are concealed and conceal their activities through a series of transactions and offshore accounts. White collar crime - Case study Charles Ponzi. Give 5 important facts about the Charles Ponzi case -The infamous white collar crime in which the Ponzi fraud scheme was named after. -He committed his crime in the 1920s -He procured investors for his postage coupons and then payed the them with the investments of the next group. -Ponzi pocketed $20 million for himself through the scheme. -He was prosecuted and spent years in jail before dying penniless. What is a Ponzi scheme? A fraud by paying returns to existing investors from funds contributed by new investors. New investors are promised opportunities claimed to generate high returns with little or no risk. Moral crime Crimes against the normal standard of morality within society. List 3 examples of Moral crimes -Prostitution -Vagrancy -Assisted Suicide Are moral crimes deviant or criminal? Are both criminal and deviant. Give statistics for moral crime in 2016/17 around 1/12 or 8.5% of adults aged 16-59 in England and Wales took an illicit drug in the last year. What is the typical offender of moral crime? Varies from crime to crime. The offender is likely to be in a difficult situation, financially or personally. What is the typical victim of moral crime? These crimes are often seen as victimless crimes and the victim can often be the offender as well. Moral Crime - Public awareness level Is often low as many of these crimes are hidden from the offenders family or are not reported at all. Moral crime - Case Study Elizabeth Fritzel Give 5 facts about the Elizabeth Fritzel case study -She spent 24 years held captive and confined to a basement cellar. -She was repeatedly tortured and sexually assaulted by her own father (Josef Fritzel) -She was forced to bare her fathers children -In 2005 one of Elizabeth's children fell ill -She ran out and went to the hospital in which her daughter was staying at and made her escape from her father. corporate crime A result of deliberate decision making or culpable negligence within a legitimate formal organisation. Give 3 specific offences under corporate crime -Insider trading -Money laundering -Copyright infringement Are moral crimes criminal or deviant? Likely to be both criminal and deviant. Give statistics of corporate crime A US case study found that 55% of embezzlement cases occur at companies with fewer than 100 employees. What is a typical offender of corporate crime Offenders usually do not think of themselves as criminals, nor do they think of their acts as criminal. What is a typical victim of corporate crime? Are usually those who have funds to invest in business schemes. Corporate crime - Public Awareness Many do not realize that they are being victimized by corporate crime therefore public awareness level is low. Corporate crime - Case Study Bernard Madoff Give five facts about the Bernard Madoff case study -He executed the largest ponzi scheme in history. -He defrauded investors out of tense of billions dollars. -The scheme worked over 17 years. -In 2008 he confessed this to his sons who gave him in, in December 2008. -He was convicted. His punishment consists of 150 years imprisonment and fined $17.179 billion. State crime Activities perpetrated by or by order of state agencies such as the governments that commit crimes in order to further their policies. Give 3 examples of offences under state crime -Genocide -War crimes -Imprisonment without trial Are state crimes criminal or deviant? Both criminal and deviant. Give statistics for state crime Acts like these are very rare so there are little statistics. What are the typical offenders of state crime? Usually high ranking government officials under the orders of the country's regime. What are the typical victims of state crime? Typically citizens of county or even those of another religion or political view than the government. State crime - Public Awareness Often high as the crimes are so extreme therefore news spreads fast. Sate crime - Case Study Rwanden Genocide Give five facts about the Rwanden Genocide case study -A genocidal slaughter of the Tutsi by the Hutu government. -As many as 800,000 Tutsi's were slaughtered -The genocide was started by the Hutu capitalists of Tigali -The genocide spread with alarming brutality and violence. -After the Tutsi gained control 2 million refugees fled Rwanda. Technological crime Crimes that involve the use of a computer or internet. Give 3 offences under technological crime -Internet enabled fraud -Downloading illegal material -Use of social media to promote hate crimes