NREMT Questions With Correct Answers 2022/2023

NREMT Questions With Correct Answers 2022/2023 Angioedema A puffiness of face, lips, and neck due to swelling underneath the skin; common in allergic reactions Aura the state of mind just before the onset of a seizure; strange feeling, some may experience visions Diabetes type-I Juvenile diabetes requires daily insulin injection Diabetes type-II Adult onset diabetes, can be controlled by diet, exercise, and weight loss Dysarthria Slurred speech Expressive aphasia Loss of speech Hemorrhagic stroke Rupture of a blood vessel in the brain Hyperglycemia high blood sugar Hypoglycemia low blood sugar Insulin Hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates glucose metabolism (blood sugar) by signaling the cells of the body to intake sugar from the blood Ischemic Stroke A blocking of an artery of the brain which prevents blood flow and oxygen brain tissue, usually caused by atherosclerosis. This is the most common type of stroke Ketoacidosis A lowering of blood pH due to the use of fatty acids for energy. This happens when insulin is not present to allow glucose to enter the cells. It is usually associated with hyperglycemia Postictal After a seizure state, brain is recovering. Patient is likely confused and exhausted Receptive aphasia Loss of understanding Status epilepticus When seizures come one on top of the other, so that there is more than 3 per hour or they last progressively longer. This is a medical emergency. What is a behavioral emergency? When a person acts in a way that is not considered normal or appropriate by their family or community How many EMT's should be in charge of one situation? 1 Describe when someone can refuse care 18+, Can make informed decisions, not under the influence, understand the risks associated with refusing care, sign a release form What are the five rights? The right patient, the right time and frequency, right dose, right route of administration, right drug What are opioid analgesics? Painkillers, common cause of drug poisoning What are sedative hypnotics? Slow down body functions; cause decreased respirations What are anticholinergics? Antidepressants What are cholinergics? Causes excretion from orifices What are inhalants? Airplane glue, paint, nitrous oxide, decrease respirations What are sympthomimetics? Imitates adrenlaine- Meth, amphetamines, cocaine, epinephrine What are hallucinogens? Distorts thoughts, senses, and perception What is treatment of hypogylcemia? Insulin Shock What is one way of treating hyperglycemia? Oral Glucose What is hyperglycemia? When the body is not supplied with insulin How can you detect ketone production? Fruit Odor Breath T/F Hyperglycemic patients needs to be hospitalized True What is a seizure? Short circuit in the brain as a result of hyperactive firing of a neuron What is a grand mal seizure? Complete loss of consciousness followed by spasm of all the body's muscles What are petit mal seizures? Known as absence seizures; most common in children. lasting for seconds and is visible by twitching facial muscles/ hands What are focal motor seizures? Isolated muscular quivering or shaking What are febrile seizures? Occurs in seizures as a result of high fevers If someone has a history of diabetes what can you do? Administer oral glucose What is Transient Ischemic attack (TIA)? Passing of a blood clot through the brain that results in temporary stroke-like symptoms How long is a TIA? Few minutes to a few hours What are symptoms of anaphylaxis? Swelling of hands or feet, hives, angiodema, decreased blood pressure, coughing and difficulty breathing What is the biggest concern of anaphylaxis? Swelling of throat How can poisons enter the body? Injection, Ingestion, Inhalation, Absoprtion If there is H2S or other gas what do you do? Wait for the patient to be retrieved, ensure and maintain airway, administer high flow O2 If poison is through contact what do you do? Flush thoroughly What are the most common causes of food poisoning? E. Coli and Salmonella What is a major concern of food poisoning? Dehydration What are symptoms of food poisoning? Cramps, nausea, diarrhea and vomiting Review types of bites ... What is hypothermia? When the core body temp is below 94F What are stages of hypothermia? Shivering, coldness, torso feels cold, mental impairment, sleepiness, bradycardia, death When do rewarm a patient? When directed by a medical overseer If someone is frostbitten and you are to rewarm them what do you do? Immerse them in body temp water What is hyperthermia? When the core temp is above 99F How do you treat someone with hyperthermia? Take them out of heat and provide fluids Heat exhaustion is common in.... Seniors Symptoms of heat exhaustion... Heavy perspiring, nausea, and light headiness What are common risk factors for potential suicide? Mental disorders, previous suicide attempts, alcohol or drug abuse Suicide is most common with... 15-25, over 40 If you needed to restrain a patient what do you do? At least 5 people What is organic brain syndrome? A condition of the elderly as it refers to mental dysfunction What is peritonitis? Digestive organ bleeding, inflammation, or blockage When someone has acute abdomen pain, what do you do? Limit the on-scene time What do you not do if someone has acute abdomen pain? Nothin by mouth What is secondary survey? Observing the 4 quadrants, listening to sounds What is appendicitis? A rupture of the appendix in the right lower quadrant What is duodenal ulcer disease? Ulcers of stomach in upper half of the quadrant What are kidney stones? A mineral blockage in the kidneys, pain in lower back, radiating down to genital area What is cholecystitis? Inflammation of the gall bladder in upper right quadrant What is pancreatitis? Inflammation of the pancreas associated with heavy drinking What is referred pain? When the pain is occurring in a different place than the cause of the pain What is in the upper right? Liver, gallbladder, top of pancreas, right kidney, part of the duodenum, part of colon Upper left Spleen, end of pancreas, stomach, left kidney, part of colon Lower Right Appendix, ascending colon, stomach, left kidney, part of colon Lower Left Small intestine, descending colon, left ovary How do you treat genital injuries? The same as abdominal or soft tissue injury