ATI Modules Case Study & Quiz Questions_ Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0_ 2023.

Tutorial:Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0 Module:The Neurological System (Part 1) Case Study Questions #1: 1. Which of the following assessments of this client is most important immediately following the administration of intravenous diazepam? A. ECG B. Seizure Activity C. Blood Pressure D. Respiratory Rate 2. The healthcare professional is about to administer a loading dose of phenytoin IV. Which of the following is essential for the health care professional to do before administering phenytoin IV? A. Protect the phenytoin solution from light. B. Make sure the phenytoin solution is cloudy. C. Mix phenytoin with a dextrose solution. D. Infuse phenytoin slowly. 3. The health care professional is now assessing the client. Which of the following findings can be an early indication of phenytoin toxicity? A. Nystagmus B. Tachycardia C. Tachypnea D. Jaundice 4. The healthcare professional is talking with the client, who is soon to be discharged to home, about the adverse effects of phenytoin. Which of the following instructions may help minimize the adverse effects of phenytoin? A. Use good oral hygiene. B. Take the drug on an empty stomach. C. Use sunblock when outdoors. D. Decrease dietary fiber. 5. The client is taking oral contraceptives for birth control. Which of the following instructions should the health care professional include? A. It is safe to discontinue birth control while taking phenytoin. B. Additional birth control methods may be needed. C. Oral contraceptives may increase the risk for phenytoin toxicity. D. Oral contraceptives may reduce the effectiveness of phenytoin. Case Study Questions #2: 1. Which laboratory tests should you monitor for a client who is taking interferon beta-1b to treat multiple sclerosis? (Select all that apply.) A. Serum osmolality B. Blood glucose C. Thyroid hormones D. Liver function E. CBC ● Interferon beta-1b, an immunosuppressant, may cause hepatotoxicity and myelosuppression. Minot liver studies and CBC. The client should undergo thyroid function testing every 6 months 2. While obtaining a client's medical history, you find that the client is taking levodopa/carbidopa for Parkinson's disease. Which information in the client's health history alerts you to take further action? A. BradycardiaB. Pancreatic disease C. Glaucoma D. Impaired hearing ● The combination of levodopa and carbidopa, both dopamine-replacement drugs, can cause changes in intraocular pressure. 3. At a visit to the provider's office, an older adult client's partner reports that the client has nausea, diarrhea, and a loss of appetite. He has a history of Alzheimer's disease and is taking donepezil. Which information should be provided by the nurse? A. Take the drug with food. B. Stop taking the drug right away. C. Take a reduced dosage of the drug. D. Undergo liver function tests right away. 4. You are instructing a client who has multiple sclerosis about how dantrolene will help control spasticity. With which mechanism is this drug effective in treating this manifestation? A. Blocks acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction B. Interrupts nerve signals from the spinal cord to the muscles C. Inhibits destruction of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase D. Alters intracellular calcium exchange at the muscles 5. You are caring for a client who is preoperative and is NPO. Theclient takes carbamazepine, 200 mg PO BID for a seizure disorder. Which action should the nurse take? A. Give the oral dose of carbamazepine with a sip of water. B. Give carbamazepine IV. C. Withhold the carbamazepine. D. Administer half the usual morning dose of carbamazepine 6. You are instructing a school-age child and his parent about the use of amphetamine-dextroamphetamine to manage the child's attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse instruct the parent to report? (Select all that apply.) A. Weight loss B. Insomnia C. Hallucinations D. Orthostatic hypotension E. Flu-like symptoms 7. Drag the drug classification in the left column to match it with its therapeutic use in the right column. ● Hydantoin: Controls seizures ● Immunomodulator: Reduces symptoms of multiple sclerosis ● Dopamine receptor agonist: Reduces the effects of Parkinson's disease ● Cholinesterase inhibitor: Helps minimize symptoms of Alzheimer's disease 8. A primary care provider prescribes sumatriptan to treat a client's migraine headaches. Which instructions should the nurse include when telling the client how to take sumatriptan? (Select all that apply.) A. Take the drug after onset of the migraine. B. Administer one nasal spray into each nostril. C. Take it once per day to prevent migraine. D. Repeat the dose once if the headache returns. E. Allow the tablet to dissolve under the tongue. 9. A client receives spinal anesthesia with lidocaine and epinephrine. You explain that epinephrine is used with lidocaine for which of the following reasons?A. Decreases the risk for a spinal headache B. Reduces the risk for infection C. Prolongs the anesthetic effects D. Prevents respiratory depression 10. Drag the drug in the left column to match it with its therapeutic use in the right column. ● Fentanyl: Anesthesia or cancer pain management ● Amphetamine/dextroamphetamine sulfate: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ● Dantrolene: Malignant hyperthermia ● Baclofen: Muscle spasms Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0 The Neurological System (Part 1) Quiz: 1. A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for amphetamine sulfate. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects? A. Hypotension B. Tinnitus C. Tachycardia D. Bronchospasm ● Amphetamine sulfate is an amphetamine stimulant. It can cause tachycardia and dysrhythmias. The client should notify the nurse if they develop palpitations or chest pain. 2. A nurse is caring for a client who has been taking selegiline to treat Parkinson's disease. The provider is considering the use of analgesics for the client but should be aware that a drug interaction between selegiline and meperidine can result in which of the following? A. Frequent urination B. Jaundice C. Cellulitis D. Muscle rigidity ● A drug interaction between selegiline and opioids, especially meperidine, can result in rigidity, stupor, agitation, hypertension, and fever. 3. A nurse is preparing to administer sumatriptan to a client for the first time. The nurse should instruct the client that sumatriptan is indicated for which of the following conditions? A. Tonic-clonic seizures B. Presence of a migraine headache C. Exacerbation of multiple sclerosis D. Alzheimer's disease ● Sumatriptan is used in the treatment of migraine headaches. 4. A nurse is teaching the family of a client who has a new diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease about donepezil. Which of the following information should the nurse include? A. Monitor for constipation. B. The dosage will be increased weekly to provide optimum therapeutic effect. C. Administering the drug first thing in the morning promotes effectiveness. D. Avoid the use of NSAIDs for pain. ● Combining NSAIDs with donepezil can cause gastrointestinal bleeding. Therefore, the nurse should instruct the client's family to avoid the use of NSAIDs. 5. A nurse is teaching a client who has a prescription for baclofen. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A. Avoid driving until the drug's effects are evident. B. Stop taking the drug immediately if headache occurs. C. Take the drug as needed for spasticity. D. Take the drug with antacids to reduce gastric effects.● Baclofen, a centrally-acting muscle relaxant, causes CNS depression. Clients taking the drug should avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants, and should not drive a vehicle until they know how the drug will affect them. 6. A nurse is teaching a client who has a prescription for modafinil to treat narcolepsy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A. Take the drug in the morning. B. Take the drug 30 min before bedtime. C. Anticipate daytime drowsiness. D. Expect urinary frequency. ● Modafinil is a nonamphetamine stimulant. Taking it in the morning helps improve wakefulness for clients who have narcolepsy. Clients taking the drug for shift-work sleepiness should take it 1 hr before work. 7. A nurse is teaching a client about interferon beta-1a. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give to help the client avoid the adverse effects of this drug? A.