Medical Surgical Nursing Immunology 2023 Update

antigen - ANS-substance that induces the production of antibodies B-cells - ANS-Humoral immunity or anti-mediated responses, result is production of antibody t-cells - ANS-Are produced in the thymus; AKA Killer Cells; are responsible for non specific immunities; will destroy but not create antibodies. neutrophils - ANS-A type of white blood cell that engulfs invading microbes and contributes to the nonspecific defenses of the body against disease. they are the first to go to an area of inflammation response to invasion - ANS-Involves 3 means of defense: phagocytic immune response, humoral or antibody responce, and cellular response first line of defense: phagocytic immune response -involves the WBC which have the ability to ingest foreign particle, and destroy the invading agent second protective response defense: the humeral immune response (antibody response) Third mechanism of defense: cellular immune response involves T lymphocytes which can turn into special cytotoxic (killer) T cells that attack the pathogens. Spleen - ANS-is a large, highly vascular lymphoid organ, lying in the human body to the left of the stomach below the diaphragm, serving to store blood, disintegrate old blood cells, filter foreign substances from the blood, and produce lyphocytes. *RBC, WBC, and platelets are recycled here. Splenectomy is a surgical procedure that removes the spleen. A Person Can Live Without a Spleen, but it comes with varying side effects. Natural Immunity - ANS--present at birth -nonspecific -first line of host defense - An individual's own genetic ability to fight off disease Acquired Immunity - ANS--Immunity obtained either from the development of antibodies in response to exposure to an antigen(ACTIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY) -as from vaccination or an attack of an infectious disease, (PASSIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY) -or from the transmission of antibodies, as from mother to fetus through the placenta (PASSIVE ACQUIRED) the four stages of immune response - ANS-recognition proliferation response effector complement - ANS-A group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive form and are activated by contact with nonspecific antigens such as foreign blood cells or bacteria Recognition Stage - ANS-*recognition of antigens as foreign, or nonself by the immune system. -this is the initiating event of the immune response -involves the use of lymph nodes and lymphocytes -recognition depends on specific receptor sites on the surface of lymphocytes *they coat microorganisms wth antibodies, complement or both, which enhances phagocytosis -they recognze the antigens on the microbe as different(non-self) or foreign Proliferation stage - ANS-lating lymphocytes containing antigens return to nearest lymph node 2. once in the node, t and b cells inside node begin to enlarge, divide, and proliferate 3. cells then diffentiate into cytotoxic t cells or b lymphocytes Response stage - ANS-In this stage the differentiated lymphocytes function in either a humoral or cellular capacity *begins with the production of antibodies by Bcells *T cells then attack microbes -viral antigens cause a cellular response T cells perform cellular function, B cells performed humoral function Effector Stage - ANS-either the antibody of the humoral response or the cytotoxic (killer) T cell of the cellular response reaches and connects with the antigen on the surface of the foreign invader...