BIOS 1107 Module 3: Genes and Genomes IKE and TICA, Questions with accurate answers, 2022/2023. Graded A

BIOS 1107 Module 3: Genes and Genomes IKE and TICA, Questions with accurate answers, 2022/2023. Graded A Document Content and Description Below BIOS 1107 Module 3: Genes and Genomes IKE and TICA, Questions with accurate answers, 2022/2023. Graded A Select all that apply: The bacterial transformation experiments infecting mice with S and R strains (Griffiths 1928) and the purification of the transforming substance (Avery, McLeod, and McCarty 1944) demonstrated that - DNA is the hereditary material and bacteria can acquire hereditary information from their environment Hershey and Chase grew bacteriophage in the presence of either radioactively-labelled phosphorus or radioactively-labelled sulfur. Radioactive phosphorus will label: - phage DNA A newly discovered bacteria species has 35% G in its DNA. What is the %A? - 15% Which cartoon below shows the semi-conservative model of DNA replication - Below is single DNA strand. What is the nucleotide sequence of the other strand? 5'-CCCTGGGCTCT-3' - 3′ -GGGACCCGAGA-5′ A new nucleotide is always added to the ____ of an existing nucleotide chain. - 3' hydroxyl Match each enzyme or factor involved in DNA replication to its function: - 1. ligase - seal together DNA fragments synthesized on the lagging strand 2. primase - synthesize short RNA sequences to allow DNA synthesis to initiate 3. helicase - break the hydrogen bonds holding together the two strands of the DNA molecule 4. origin of replication - nucleotide sequence where the two strands of the DNA double helix are separated, to allow DNA replication to begin 5. DNA polymerase - add new nucleotides to an existing nucleotide chain Hershey and Chase grew bacteriophage in the presence of either radioactively-labelled phosphorus or radioactively-labelled sulfur to test whether DNA or protein is the hereditary material. We know today that DNA is the hereditary material. If instead protein were the hereditary material, and the Hershey-Chase experiment unabmiguously supported this result, then Hershey and Chase would have observed: - 35S in the pellet (with the bacteria) and 32P in the supernatant DNA replication is semi-conservative. The images below show the results of density gradient centrifugation of DNA extracted from isotopically labelled cells after the initial labeling (time 0), after one division cycle (time 1), and after two division cycles (time 2). Which of the patterns is consistent with semi-conservative replication? - The Hershey-Chase and Meselson-Stahl experiments were good experiments because: - They gave a clear answer by supporting only one hypothesis and ruling out all others A double stranded DNA sample contains 20% adenine. What is the % guanine? - 30% The two strands in a DNA double helix are held together by hydrogen bonds between which one of the following? - The nitrogenous bases on one strand and the nitrogenous bases on the other strand Below is single DNA strand. What is the nucleotide sequence of the complementary strand? 5'-CCCTGGGCTCT-3' - 5'-AGAGCCCAGGG-3' How would DNA replication be affected if primase were not functional? - synthesis of a complementary DNA chain would not initiate How would DNA replication be affected if ligase were absent? - replication would result in multiple small segments of DNA instead of a complete molecule The bacterial transformation experiments infecting mice with S and R strains demonstrated that - bacteria can acquire hereditary information from their environment The adjacent nucleotides in DNA strands are held together by which of the following? - phosphodiester bonds between the hydroxyl of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the adjacent nucleotide How would DNA replication be affected if helicase were absent? - the template strands would not be able to separate Suppose the sequence below is a newly growing strand of DNA. When DNA polymerase adds a new nucleotide to this DNA strand, it will add the new nucleotide to: 5'-CGATTG-3' - the G on the 3' end Suppose the sequence below is a newly growing strand of DNA. The last question asked you to determine which end of the DNA strand a new nucleotide would be added. In reality, DNA polymerase would not be able to add a new nucleotide to this strand of DNA. Why not? 5'-CGATTG-3' - there is no complementary strand for the DNA polymerase to use as a template What is the complementary DNA sequence for the DNA strand below? 5'-CGATTG-3' Write your answer in the 5' to 3' direction, but do NOT include the 5' or 3' numbers; include only letters in your answer. - CAATCG Which strand of DNA is copied by RNA polymerase to make an mRNA molecule? - the template strand Which strand of DNA has the same sequence (except for Us) and polarity as the transcribed RNA molecule - the coding strand The sequence below is a portion of the template strand of DNA. What is the significance of the 3' and 5' ? 3'-GTCGAA-5' - They refer to the polarity (orientation) of the nucleotide chain, where 3' refers to the hydroxyl group and 5' refers to the phosphate group and New nucleotides can only be added to the 3' end of a nucleotide chain, whether RNA or DNA The sequence below is a portion of the template strand of DNA. What RNA sequence would be transcribed from this template? 3'-GTCGAA-5' - 5'-CAGCUU-3' The first amino acid translated from an RNA molecule is - the first methionine codon encountered by a tRNA molecule Eukaryotic and prokaryotic gene expression differ in that: - Eukaryotic transcription and translation are separated in space and time, while prokaryotic transcription and translation occur together Suppose the sequence below is a portion of the template strand of DNA in the FOXP2 gene. What is the RNA sequence transcribed from this template? 5'-GACGTT-3' Include only the appropriate letters in your answer (no numbers or symbols), and write your answer in the 5' to 3' direction. - AACGUC Suppose the sequence below is a portion of the coding strand of DNA in the FOXP2 gene. What is the RNA sequence would be transcribed from the template strand that is complementary to this coding strand? 5'-GACGTT-3' Include only the appropriate letters in your answer (no numbers or symbols), and write your answer in the 5' to 3' direction. - GACGUU Many mature mRNAs in eukaryotes are much shorter than primary mRNA transcripts because - the introns are removed Suppose the sequence below is the 5' end of the FOXP2 mRNA; what are the first three amino acids of the polypeptide that will be translated from it? 5'-UACGAGUAUGCCAGGU... - Met-Pro-Gly.... The sequence below is the 5' end of an mRNA; what are the first three amino acids of the polypeptide that will be translated from it? Use the three-letter code, and use hyphens to connect the amino acids. 5'-AUAUGAGUAUGCCAGGUC... - mer-set-mer A ribosome has many component parts made of rRNAs and proteins. The catalytic component of the ribosome (that part that catalyzes the reaction to attach new amino acids to a polypeptide chain) is - ribosomal RNA (rRNA) What is a mutation? - a change in the DNA sequence The sickle cell mutation changes a glutamic acid (glu) to valine (val) due to a single nucleotide change in the DNA sequence. Which of the following is/are possible specific base change(s) in the coding strand of the DNA? - A→T The Foxp2 protein is a transcription factor which binds to DNA at specific genes to cause them to be transcribed. Analysis of KE family DNA sequences identified a single nucleotide mutation in the FOXP2 gene located on chromosome 7 region 7q31 which correlated with the speech disorder. This single nucleotide change results in an amino acid change from an arginine to a histidine. Arginine is positively charged and has a long, linear side group. Histidine is sometimes positively charged, and sometime neutral, and has a bulky ring structure side group. The mutant Foxp2 protein cannot bind DNA. These two amino acids are shown below. Where in the Foxp2 protein do you predict this amino acid is located? - In a region of the protein which binds to DNA; the mutation probably directly affects the ability of the protein to b