NR 283 Pathophysiology Exam 1 Concepts to Review Cellular Biology/Cellular Adaptation/Cellular Injury Chapter 1

NR 283 Pathophysiology Exam 1 Concepts to Review Cellular Biology/Cellular Adaptation/Cellular Injury Chapter 1 o Cellular Adaptation o Atrophy – decrease in size of cells, resulting in reduced tissue mass (immobilized limb in a cast) o Hypertrophy – increase in size of cells, resulting in an enlarged tissue mass (enlarged heart muscle) o Hyperplasia – increase in number of cells, resulting in enlarged tissue mass (could be compensatory mechanism or hormonal imbalance, cancer) o Metaplasia – one mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type (could be compensatory mechanism) o Dysplasia – tissue in which the cell varies size & shape, large nuclei are frequently present, and the rate of mitosis is increased (precancerous - cervical cells) o Anaplasia – cells that are undifferentiated with variable nuclear and cell structures and numerous mitotic figures (in most malignant tumors; basis for grading aggressive tumors) o Neoplasia “new growth”; Neo - new, Plasm - growth