Chapter 1: History and Trends of Health Care questions and answers

Chapter 1: History and Trends of Health Care questions and answersMarie Curie Isolated radium in 1910 Gregory Mendel Established the patterns of heredity Edward Jenner Developed a vaccine for smallpox in 1796 William Harvey Described the circulation of blood to and from the heart Romans Began public health and sanitation systems William Roentgen Discovered X-Rays in 1895 Hippocrates The father of medicine Sir Alexander Fleming Discovered penicillin in 1928 Leonardo da Vinci Artist who used dissection to draw the human body Dark Ages Emphasis was placed on saving the soul and study of medicine was prohibited Clara Barton Founded the American Red Cross in 1881 Egyptians Earliest people known to maintain accurate health records Louis Pasteur Began pasteurizing milk to kill bacteria Chinese Used acupuncture to relieve pain and congestion Robert Koch Developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens Florence Nightingale Founder of modern nursing Joseph Lister Began use disinfectants and antiseptics during surgery Gabriel Fahrenheit Created the first mercury thermometer Jonas Salk Developed the polio vaccine in 1952 Rhazes An Arab physician who began the use of animal gut for suture material What did ancient people think was the cause of disease and illness? Evil spirits List four things Hippocrates stressed to help the human body heal itself. Cleanliness, good diet, clean water, good sanitation. What is the Rod of Asclepius? A serpent twisting around a rod, deity associated with health and medicine. In the Dark Ages, what was the main method used to treat illness and disease? Stressed prayers. List at least four diseases that shortened the life span of individuals in the Middle Ages. Bubonic Plague, small pox, scurvy, typhus. Why was dissection a major advance in health care during the Renaissance? It helped people understand parts of the body. What was the significance of the invention of the microscope in 1666? Allowed physicians to see organisms too small to be seen by the human eye. What did apothecrates use to make many of the medications in the 17th century? Plants and herbs. Why was the invention of the stethoscope in 1819 important? To listen to internal body sounds, which increased knowledge of the human body. Identify four women who made important contributions to the advance of health care in the 19th century. Clara Barton: found the Red Cross. Florence Nightingale: founder of nursing. Marie Curie: isolated radium. Dorothea Dix: superintendent of female nurses in the army. Why was the discovery of DNA in 1953 so important? DNA began the search for gene therapy to cure inherited diseases. What helped medicine progress faster in the 20th century than in all the previous years? Technology. Think of the future of health care. What major advancement would you want to see in the 21st century? During a cat scan, people won't be exposed to as much radiation as they are now. Cost containment Trying to control the rising cost of health care Diagnostic related groups (DRGs) A statistical system of classifying any inpatient stay into other groups for the purpose of payment Energy conservation Monitoring the use of energy to control costs and conserve resources Home health care Any type of health care provided in a patients home environment Geriatric care Care for the elderly Telemedicine Involves the use of video, audio, and computer systems to provide medical information Wellness State of being in good health Complementary and alternative methods of health care Complementary: traditional methods. Alternative: way of using other than traditional methods The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) of 1987 established standards for geriatric assistants in long-term care facilities. List four requirements that all geriatric assistants must meet as a result of OBRA. Pass the training program, continue their education, have period evaluations of performances, retraining or testing if they haven't performed in two years. What is holistic health care? Promoted physical, emotional, social, intellectual, and spiritual well-being by treating the whole body, mind, and spirit. Differentiate between complementary and alternative therapies. Complementary: treatments that are used in conjunction with conventional medical therapies. Alternatives: treatments that are used in place of biomedical therapies. Why is it important to individualize an integrative treatment plan? To meet the patient's own special needs and circumstances. Do you think a health insurance company should be allowed to require a physical examination to determine the cost of the plan? Why or why not? Yes, because health insurance can cost different amounts depending on the severity of an injury.