AP European History- French Revolution Questions and Answers Graded A+

AP European History- French Revolution Questions and Answers Graded A+ The Three Estates The three orders of France: the clergy, the nobility, and everyone else. The First Estate The clergy The Second Estate The nobility or the descendants of "those who fought" in the Middle Ages. The Third Estate The commoners of France that consisted of, prosperous merchants and lawyers as well as peasants, rural agricultural workers, urban artist, and unskilled day laborers. The bourgeoisie The comfortable members of the third estate, or upper middle class. Rose up to lead the entire third estate in the revolution. Louis XV The Sun King was succeeded by this five year old great grandson. Under his rule and the young monarchs regent the duke of Orleans the system of absolutist rule was challenged. The Duke of Orleans The regent under Louis XV who gave the Parliament their ancient right to evaluate royal decrees publicly in writing before they were registered and given the force of law. This was a fateful step when citizens protested authority after France went into financial crisis after the wars of The Austrian Succession, the Seven Year's War, and the American Revolution. Rene de Maupeou In 1768, Louis appointed this tough career official as chancellor and ordered him to crush any judicial opposition. He abolished the existing parlements and exiled the vociferous members of the Parlement of Paris to the provinces. He created new and docile parlements of royal officials, and began once again to tax the privileged groups.Madame de Pompadour The daughter of a disgraced bourgeois financier, this mistress of Louis XV broke the pattern of kings maintaining mistresses who were chosen from the court nobility. As the king's famous mistress from 1745 to 1750, she exercised tremendous influence over politics, literature, art, and the decorative arts, using her patronage to support Voltaire and promote the rococo style. Desacralization The process of being stripped of the sacred aura of God's anointed on earth, which caused him to being frequently being reinvented in the popular imagination as a degenerate. Louis XVI The successor of Louis XV this king of France from 1774 to 1792 failure to grant reforms led to the French Revolution; he and his queen (Marie Antoinette) were guillotined (1754- 1793).