Cardiac-Vascular Nursing Exam Sample Questions And Answers 2022

The examination of a patient in a supine position reveals distended jugular veins from the base of the neck to the angle of the jaw. This finding indicates: decreased venous return. increased central venous pressure. increased pulmonary artery capillary pressure. left-sided heart failure. increased central venous pressure. When caring for a patient who has intermittent claudication, the cardiac-vascular nurse advises the patient to: apply graduated compression stockings before getting out of bed. elevate the legs when sitting. refrain from exercise. walk as tolerated. walk as tolerated. The cardiac-vascular nurse reviews recommended activities with a patient who sustained a myocardial infarction. The patient states, "It doesn't really matter what I do or don't do. I will either get better or die." This statement reflects: acceptance of changed health status. an internal locus of control. feelings of loss of control. projection. feelings of loss of control. A patient who is in the 10th week of outpatient cardiac rehabilitation continues to exhibit symptoms of depression. When developing a discharge plan, the cardiac-vascular nurse includes: a referral for counseling and possible medication. a trial of herbal remedies. alternative therapies, including yoga and massage. comprehensive information about the patient's cardiac status to help reduce his or her anxiety. a referral for counseling and possible medication. When reviewing a patient's four-week diet history, the cardiac-vascular nurse identifies a pattern of high-calorie intake on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday nights. The patient states that the patient's spouse recently started taking a night class on those evenings at a local university. The patient's diet history indicates: a disabling family coping behavior. a lack of dietary instruction. a need for cooking classes. an individual coping behavior. an individual coping behavior. A patient who underwent a percutaneous, transluminal coronary angioplasty four weeks ago has a subsequent ejection fraction of 30%. The patient returns for a follow-up visit. Examination reveals lungs that are clear to auscultation and slight pedal edema. The patient's medications are digoxin (Lanoxin), furosemide (Lasix), enalapril maleate (Vasotec), and aspirin. The patient reports a 5-lb (2.27-kg) weight gain over the past two days. The cardiac-vascular nurse's initial action is to: document the weight and reassess the patient at the next session. inquire about the patient's medication compliance. notify the patient's physician. review the patient's most recent nuclear scan. inquire about the patient's medication compliance. As the cardiac-vascular nurse prepares to administer an experimental cardiac drug to a patient who is participating in a research study, the patient states that he or she no longer wants the medication. The nurse advises the patient that: he or she has a right to refuse the medication and to withdraw from the study. participation in the study is critical to improving the quality of patient outcomes. the medication dose has been scheduled for administration. the primary investigator will speak with the patient about his or her decision. he or she has a right to refuse the medication and to withdraw from the study. Which is the primary consideration when preparing to administer thrombolytic therapy to a patient who is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (MI)? History of heart disease. Sensitivity to aspirin. Size and location of the MI. Time since onset of symptoms. Sensitivity to aspirin. A 55-year-old patient who is diagnosed with an evolving myocardial infarction (MI) insists on going home. The cardiac-vascular nurse encourages the patient to be admitted because the greatest risk within the first 24 hours of sustaining an MI is: heart failure. pulmonary embolism. ventricular aneurysm. ventricular fibrillation. ventricular fibrillation. A patient comes to the emergency department with reports of a swollen and painful leg but denies sustaining any injury. Physical examination reveals a tense calf muscle, decreased sensation to the foot and leg, and absent pedal pulses. The cardiac-vascular nurse asks the patient when the symptoms began because: compartment syndrome develops days after arterial occlusion. arterial thrombosis is sudden and emergent, and an embolism develops gradually. irreversible anoxic injury to muscles and nerves can occur in as few as four hours. metabolic alkalosis from muscle swelling is cardiotoxic. irreversible anoxic injury to muscles and nerves can occur in as few as four hours. A primary prevention for reducing a female patient's risk of developing coronary heart disease is to: avoid excessive weight gain during pregnancy. enroll in a cardiac rehabilitation program. take 81 mg of aspirin daily. take nitroglycerin at the onset of chest pain. avoid excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Excessive alcohol use while on warfarin (Coumadin) therapy leads to: decreased anticoagulation effect. decreased international normalized ratio. increased anticoagulation effect. increased vitamin K absorption. increased anticoagulation effect. While the cardiac-vascular nurse preceptor is orienting a graduate nurse on the telemetry unit, a patient experiences cardiac arrest. Which action by the preceptor, during the emergency cardiac care procedure, facilitates the graduate nurse's competence and professional development? Asking the graduate nurse to review the policy and procedure for cardiac arrest. Assigning the graduate nurse to comfort the family during the arrest. Directing the graduate nurse to attempt IV access. Involving the graduate nurse in the resuscitation by assigning a basic task. Involving the graduate nurse in the resuscitation by assigning a basic task. A patient is admitted to the hospital for a carotid angiogram with stent placement. The patient's spouse states, "I don't want my spouse to find out there is a risk of a stroke connected with this procedure because he or she won't sign the consent form." The cardiac-vascular nurse's most appropriate action is to: assess the patient's level of understanding of risks, benefits, and alternatives. assure the patient's spouse that the risk of stroke is minimal. offer the patient emotional support and reinforce the benefits of the procedure. perform a neurologic assessment to establish a baseline. assess the patient's level of understanding of risks, benefits, and alternatives. A patient who is recovering from a myocardial infarction may benefit from meditation because of this technique: decreases sympathetic nervous system activity. decreases vasodilation. increases sympathetic nervous system activity. increases the release of catecholamines. decreases sympathetic nervous system activity. The cardiac-vascular nurse reviews risk factor reduction with a patient who is newly diagnosed with myocardial infarction. The patient states, "I don't know why you're making such a big deal about this stuff. I feel fine, and the doctor said that my heart attack was small." The nurse's most effective action is to: assess the patient's perception of the event with open-ended questions. present research to support the need for risk factor reduction. reinforce patient education. review the laboratory values with the patient. assess the patient's perception of the event with open-ended questions. A 70-year-old patient with cardiovascular disease attends group classes on disease processes, medications, exercise, nutrition, and stress management. To promote optimal and effective learning, the cardiac-vascular nurse uses which teaching strategy? Condensing the information to one session, so the patient need not return for a second day. Customizing teaching objectives based on the learner's interests. Preparing a PowerPoint presentation to enhance learning. Teaching the most important information at the end of the session, to maximize retention. Customizing teaching objectives based on the learner's interests. A patient who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery demonstrates effective understanding of discharge teaching by: asking whether smoking one cigarette per day is acceptable. clarifying when cardiac rehabilitation will begin. describing plans to relax in a hot tub during recovery. planning to resume driving his or her spouse to work next week. clarifying when cardiac rehabilitation will begin. A patient with negative troponins and stress test results reports recurring chest pain that is similar to the patient's pain on admission. According to the American Nurses Association's cardiovascular nursing scope and standards of practice, the cardiac-vascular nurse's next action is to: activate the cardiac catheterization team. administer analgesics. obtain a 12-lead electrocardiogram. promote relaxation and monitor the response. obtain a 12-lead electrocardiogram. During a clinic appointment, a patient states, "I came in because my calcium score was positive on my computed tomography scan last week." In which section of the patient assessment does the cardiac-vascular nurse document this finding? Past medical history. Personal/social history. Presenting problem. Review of symptoms. Presenting problem.