QUESTIONS
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The story of a young man who rescued people from a river illustrates what key
component of counseling?
a. Counseling emphasizes intervention wherever possible.
b. Counseling focuses on prevention wherever possible.
c. Counseling avoids altering people’s environments.
d. Counseling is a profession for altruists.
2. Which of the following terms was devised in the mid- to late-1970s to identify counseling
activities that took place outside of educational settings?
a. Clinical mental health counseling
b. School guidance and counseling
c. Mental health counseling
d. Community counseling
3. Which of the following divisions of the American Personnel and Guidance Association
was established for mental health counselors?
a. American Community Counselors Association
b. American Clinical Mental Health Counseling Association
c. American Mental Health Counselors Association
d. American Counseling Association
4. Counseling initially developed to improve people’s lives in communities affected by
a. World War I
b. World War II
c. Sputnik I
d. The Industrial Revolution
5. Which of the following individuals founded Boston’s Vocational Bureau and is
considered the “founder of guidance?”
a. Frank Parsons
b. Jesse B. Davis
c. Clifford Beers
d. Hannah Stone
1
,6. Which of the following individuals was the first to establish a systematized guidance
program in the public schools?
a. Frank Parsons
b. Jesse B. Davis
c. Clifford Beers
d. Hannah Stone
7. Who wrote the book, A Mind That Found Itself?
a. Frank Parsons
b. Jesse B. Davis
c. Clifford Beers
d. Hannah Stone
8. The first national professional organization in the counseling field was called the
a. National Vocational Guidance Association
b. American Personnel and Guidance Association
c. American Counseling Association
d. American Mental Health Association
9. The flagship journal of the American Counseling Association is the
a. Counseling Psychologist
b. Journal of Counseling and Development
c. Journal of Professional Counseling
d. Journal of Mental Health Counseling
10. Which of the following statements reflects the influence of World War I on the
development of the profession of counseling?
a. As a result of World War I, a greater emphasis in testing emerged, and psychometrics
became a popular movement.
b. Due to the war efforts, World War I halted the development of counseling for a
season.
c. World War I had little impact on the development of counseling.
d. World War I hastened the need for counselors and psychologists to train and help
select specialists for the military and other industry.
11. Which of the following statements reflects the influence of World War II on the
development of the profession of counseling?
a. As a result of World War II, a greater emphasis in testing emerged, and
psychometrics became a popular movement.
b. Due to the war efforts, World War II halted the development of counseling for a
season.
c. World War II had little impact on the development of counseling.
d. World War II hastened the need for counselors and psychologists to train and help
select specialists for the military and other industry.
2
,12. Which of the following individuals formulated the first theory of counseling?
a. Clifford Beers
b. Frank Parsons
c. Carl Rogers
d. E. G. Williamson
13. The first theory of counseling stated that people had aptitudes, interests, and
achievements called ______________ that could be combined in a variety of ways to
form constellations of individual characteristics called ______________.
a. Traits; Factors
b. Factors; Traits
c. Schemas; Cognitions
d. Cognitions; Schemas
14. Which of the following individuals challenged the directive, counselor-centered approach
and the major tenets of Freudian psychoanalysis with a non-directive, person-centered
approach to counseling?
a. Edward Thorndike
b. John Brewer
c. Albert Ellis
d. Carl Rogers
15. The National Defense Education Act (NDEA) was enacted in reaction to what event?
a. World War I
b. World War II
c. The launching of Sputnik I by the Soviet Union
d. The Great Depression
16. What did the 1963 Community Mental Health Centers Act authorize?
a. The establishment of mental health centers in community colleges.
b. The establishment of a nationwide system of community mental health centers.
c. Funds for research and training to prevent and treat mental health disorders.
d. Stipends and paid internships for students engaged in graduate counseling studies.
17. The first state to adopt a professional counselor licensure law was
a. Arkansas
b. Alabama
c. California
d. Virginia
18. Which of the following was formed in the 1980s to standardize counselor training and
accredit counseling programs?
a. APA
b. APGA
c. CACREP
d. NBCC
3
, 19. What occurred as a result of the growth of managed care organizations in the 1990s?
a. The number of independent counselors decreased.
b. Many counselors became providers for health maintenance organizations (HMOs).
c. The number of sessions a counselor could offer under managed health care plans
decreased.
d. All of the above.
20. Which of the following statements reflect(s) an impetus for forming the taskforce, 20/20:
A Vision for the Future of Counseling?
a. To address the issue of professional identity.
b. To advance the future of counseling.
c. To increase unity within the profession.
d. All of the above.
Essay Questions
1. Identify three noteworthy events in the 20th century and describe how each event has
influenced the profession of counseling.
2. Identify three noteworthy events in the 21st century and describe how each event has
influenced the profession of counseling.
3. In your own words, how has the profession of counseling changed since the early 1900s?
What changes, based on future projections by leaders in the profession, do you foresee as
most impactful, and why?
4
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The story of a young man who rescued people from a river illustrates what key
component of counseling?
a. Counseling emphasizes intervention wherever possible.
b. Counseling focuses on prevention wherever possible.
c. Counseling avoids altering people’s environments.
d. Counseling is a profession for altruists.
2. Which of the following terms was devised in the mid- to late-1970s to identify counseling
activities that took place outside of educational settings?
a. Clinical mental health counseling
b. School guidance and counseling
c. Mental health counseling
d. Community counseling
3. Which of the following divisions of the American Personnel and Guidance Association
was established for mental health counselors?
a. American Community Counselors Association
b. American Clinical Mental Health Counseling Association
c. American Mental Health Counselors Association
d. American Counseling Association
4. Counseling initially developed to improve people’s lives in communities affected by
a. World War I
b. World War II
c. Sputnik I
d. The Industrial Revolution
5. Which of the following individuals founded Boston’s Vocational Bureau and is
considered the “founder of guidance?”
a. Frank Parsons
b. Jesse B. Davis
c. Clifford Beers
d. Hannah Stone
1
,6. Which of the following individuals was the first to establish a systematized guidance
program in the public schools?
a. Frank Parsons
b. Jesse B. Davis
c. Clifford Beers
d. Hannah Stone
7. Who wrote the book, A Mind That Found Itself?
a. Frank Parsons
b. Jesse B. Davis
c. Clifford Beers
d. Hannah Stone
8. The first national professional organization in the counseling field was called the
a. National Vocational Guidance Association
b. American Personnel and Guidance Association
c. American Counseling Association
d. American Mental Health Association
9. The flagship journal of the American Counseling Association is the
a. Counseling Psychologist
b. Journal of Counseling and Development
c. Journal of Professional Counseling
d. Journal of Mental Health Counseling
10. Which of the following statements reflects the influence of World War I on the
development of the profession of counseling?
a. As a result of World War I, a greater emphasis in testing emerged, and psychometrics
became a popular movement.
b. Due to the war efforts, World War I halted the development of counseling for a
season.
c. World War I had little impact on the development of counseling.
d. World War I hastened the need for counselors and psychologists to train and help
select specialists for the military and other industry.
11. Which of the following statements reflects the influence of World War II on the
development of the profession of counseling?
a. As a result of World War II, a greater emphasis in testing emerged, and
psychometrics became a popular movement.
b. Due to the war efforts, World War II halted the development of counseling for a
season.
c. World War II had little impact on the development of counseling.
d. World War II hastened the need for counselors and psychologists to train and help
select specialists for the military and other industry.
2
,12. Which of the following individuals formulated the first theory of counseling?
a. Clifford Beers
b. Frank Parsons
c. Carl Rogers
d. E. G. Williamson
13. The first theory of counseling stated that people had aptitudes, interests, and
achievements called ______________ that could be combined in a variety of ways to
form constellations of individual characteristics called ______________.
a. Traits; Factors
b. Factors; Traits
c. Schemas; Cognitions
d. Cognitions; Schemas
14. Which of the following individuals challenged the directive, counselor-centered approach
and the major tenets of Freudian psychoanalysis with a non-directive, person-centered
approach to counseling?
a. Edward Thorndike
b. John Brewer
c. Albert Ellis
d. Carl Rogers
15. The National Defense Education Act (NDEA) was enacted in reaction to what event?
a. World War I
b. World War II
c. The launching of Sputnik I by the Soviet Union
d. The Great Depression
16. What did the 1963 Community Mental Health Centers Act authorize?
a. The establishment of mental health centers in community colleges.
b. The establishment of a nationwide system of community mental health centers.
c. Funds for research and training to prevent and treat mental health disorders.
d. Stipends and paid internships for students engaged in graduate counseling studies.
17. The first state to adopt a professional counselor licensure law was
a. Arkansas
b. Alabama
c. California
d. Virginia
18. Which of the following was formed in the 1980s to standardize counselor training and
accredit counseling programs?
a. APA
b. APGA
c. CACREP
d. NBCC
3
, 19. What occurred as a result of the growth of managed care organizations in the 1990s?
a. The number of independent counselors decreased.
b. Many counselors became providers for health maintenance organizations (HMOs).
c. The number of sessions a counselor could offer under managed health care plans
decreased.
d. All of the above.
20. Which of the following statements reflect(s) an impetus for forming the taskforce, 20/20:
A Vision for the Future of Counseling?
a. To address the issue of professional identity.
b. To advance the future of counseling.
c. To increase unity within the profession.
d. All of the above.
Essay Questions
1. Identify three noteworthy events in the 20th century and describe how each event has
influenced the profession of counseling.
2. Identify three noteworthy events in the 21st century and describe how each event has
influenced the profession of counseling.
3. In your own words, how has the profession of counseling changed since the early 1900s?
What changes, based on future projections by leaders in the profession, do you foresee as
most impactful, and why?
4
