Inhoud
Lichaamsvochten, homeostase en rustmembraanpotentiaal................................................................. 4
Homeostase......................................................................................................................................... 4
Functionele lichaamscompartimenten ............................................................................................... 4
Volumes van lichaamscompartiementen ............................................................................................ 4
Verandering van volumes.................................................................................................................... 4
(on)evenwichten ................................................................................................................................. 4
- Chemisch onevenwicht ........................................................................................................... 4
- Onevenwicht tussen subcomponenten................................................................................... 4
- Osmotisch evenwicht .............................................................................................................. 4
- Elektrisch onevenwicht ........................................................................................................... 4
Osmolaliteit en osmolariteit................................................................................................................ 4
Uitwisselingsoppervlakten .................................................................................................................. 5
- Toepassing: ondervoeding ...................................................................................................... 5
Osmotische drukken............................................................................................................................ 5
Natrium-Kalium pomp ......................................................................................................................... 6
Het zenuwstelsel ..................................................................................................................................... 6
Prikkeloverdracht ................................................................................................................................ 6
Mechanisme van prikkeloverdracht .................................................................................................... 6
- Gegradeerde potentiaal .......................................................................................................... 6
- Actiepotentiaal ........................................................................................................................ 7
- Vergelijking GP en AP .............................................................................................................. 7
- Toepassing: lidocaïne .............................................................................................................. 7
- Toepassing: multiple sclerose ................................................................................................. 7
Invloed van de concentratie K in het bloed......................................................................................... 8
- Normakalemia ......................................................................................................................... 8
- Hyperkalemia........................................................................................................................... 8
- Hypokalemia ............................................................................................................................ 8
Synaptische transmissie ...................................................................................................................... 8
- Chemische synaps ................................................................................................................... 8
- Elektrische synaps ................................................................................................................... 8
Chemische synaps ............................................................................................................................... 8
- Vrijkomen van neurotransmitters ........................................................................................... 8
, - Beëindigen van de activiteit van neurotransmitters ............................................................... 8
- Neurotransmitters: .................................................................................................................. 9
Spieraandoeningen............................................................................................................................ 10
- Myasthenia gravis.................................................................................................................. 10
- Lambert Eaton syndroom ...................................................................................................... 10
- Bitulisme ................................................................................................................................ 10
- Tetanus .................................................................................................................................. 10
Chemische synaps ............................................................................................................................. 10
De skeletspier ........................................................................................................................................ 11
Opbouw van de skeletspier ............................................................................................................... 11
Exitatie-contractie-relaxatie koppeling ............................................................................................. 12
- Elektrische stimulus (neuron) ............................................................................................... 12
- Gegradeerde potentiaal (neuron) ........................................................................................ 12
- Actiepotentiaal (neuron) ..................................................................................................... 12
- Chemische stimulus/synaps (tussen neuron en skeletspier) ................................................ 12
- Gegradeerde potentiaal (skeletspier) .................................................................................. 13
- Actiepotentiaal (skeletspier) ............................................................................................... 13
- Kruisbrugcyclus ...................................................................................................................... 13
- Toepassing: dantrolene ......................................................................................................... 14
- Toepassing: rigor mortis ........................................................................................................ 14
Twitchen ............................................................................................................................................ 14
- Kracht-lengte verhouding ...................................................................................................... 14
- Force velocity ........................................................................................................................ 14
Regeling van de twitchamplitude ...................................................................................................... 15
- Beginlengte ............................................................................................................................ 15
- Temporele summatie van twitchen of tetanisatie ................................................................ 15
- Ruimtelijke summatie van twitchen ...................................................................................... 15
- Amplitude van de calcium transiënt...................................................................................... 15
De hartspier ........................................................................................................................................... 16
De gladde spier ...................................................................................................................................... 19
Twitchen komen niet voor in gladde spieren. ................................................................................... 19
Farmacologisch belang van gladde spieren: ..................................................................................... 20
- In de bloedvaten:................................................................................................................... 20
- In de blaas: ............................................................................................................................ 20
Lichaamsvochten, homeostase en rustmembraanpotentiaal................................................................. 4
Homeostase......................................................................................................................................... 4
Functionele lichaamscompartimenten ............................................................................................... 4
Volumes van lichaamscompartiementen ............................................................................................ 4
Verandering van volumes.................................................................................................................... 4
(on)evenwichten ................................................................................................................................. 4
- Chemisch onevenwicht ........................................................................................................... 4
- Onevenwicht tussen subcomponenten................................................................................... 4
- Osmotisch evenwicht .............................................................................................................. 4
- Elektrisch onevenwicht ........................................................................................................... 4
Osmolaliteit en osmolariteit................................................................................................................ 4
Uitwisselingsoppervlakten .................................................................................................................. 5
- Toepassing: ondervoeding ...................................................................................................... 5
Osmotische drukken............................................................................................................................ 5
Natrium-Kalium pomp ......................................................................................................................... 6
Het zenuwstelsel ..................................................................................................................................... 6
Prikkeloverdracht ................................................................................................................................ 6
Mechanisme van prikkeloverdracht .................................................................................................... 6
- Gegradeerde potentiaal .......................................................................................................... 6
- Actiepotentiaal ........................................................................................................................ 7
- Vergelijking GP en AP .............................................................................................................. 7
- Toepassing: lidocaïne .............................................................................................................. 7
- Toepassing: multiple sclerose ................................................................................................. 7
Invloed van de concentratie K in het bloed......................................................................................... 8
- Normakalemia ......................................................................................................................... 8
- Hyperkalemia........................................................................................................................... 8
- Hypokalemia ............................................................................................................................ 8
Synaptische transmissie ...................................................................................................................... 8
- Chemische synaps ................................................................................................................... 8
- Elektrische synaps ................................................................................................................... 8
Chemische synaps ............................................................................................................................... 8
- Vrijkomen van neurotransmitters ........................................................................................... 8
, - Beëindigen van de activiteit van neurotransmitters ............................................................... 8
- Neurotransmitters: .................................................................................................................. 9
Spieraandoeningen............................................................................................................................ 10
- Myasthenia gravis.................................................................................................................. 10
- Lambert Eaton syndroom ...................................................................................................... 10
- Bitulisme ................................................................................................................................ 10
- Tetanus .................................................................................................................................. 10
Chemische synaps ............................................................................................................................. 10
De skeletspier ........................................................................................................................................ 11
Opbouw van de skeletspier ............................................................................................................... 11
Exitatie-contractie-relaxatie koppeling ............................................................................................. 12
- Elektrische stimulus (neuron) ............................................................................................... 12
- Gegradeerde potentiaal (neuron) ........................................................................................ 12
- Actiepotentiaal (neuron) ..................................................................................................... 12
- Chemische stimulus/synaps (tussen neuron en skeletspier) ................................................ 12
- Gegradeerde potentiaal (skeletspier) .................................................................................. 13
- Actiepotentiaal (skeletspier) ............................................................................................... 13
- Kruisbrugcyclus ...................................................................................................................... 13
- Toepassing: dantrolene ......................................................................................................... 14
- Toepassing: rigor mortis ........................................................................................................ 14
Twitchen ............................................................................................................................................ 14
- Kracht-lengte verhouding ...................................................................................................... 14
- Force velocity ........................................................................................................................ 14
Regeling van de twitchamplitude ...................................................................................................... 15
- Beginlengte ............................................................................................................................ 15
- Temporele summatie van twitchen of tetanisatie ................................................................ 15
- Ruimtelijke summatie van twitchen ...................................................................................... 15
- Amplitude van de calcium transiënt...................................................................................... 15
De hartspier ........................................................................................................................................... 16
De gladde spier ...................................................................................................................................... 19
Twitchen komen niet voor in gladde spieren. ................................................................................... 19
Farmacologisch belang van gladde spieren: ..................................................................................... 20
- In de bloedvaten:................................................................................................................... 20
- In de blaas: ............................................................................................................................ 20
