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College aantekeningen atoombouw les 7 Chemistry, ISBN: 9781292348902

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college (samenvatting) van les 7. Op basis van de positie in het periodiek systeem kun je voorspellingen doen over bijvoorbeeld de straal van een atoom.

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Uploaded on
January 3, 2022
Number of pages
4
Written in
2020/2021
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Class notes
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M. fahimnia
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Aantekeningen werkcollege 7: Atoomstralen
Atoomstraal
➢ v/d Waals: niet-bindend (voor metalen)
➢ Covalent: binding
➢ Gemiddelde atoomstraal, gebaseerd op veel metingen




Elektronegativiteit
➢ Wet van Coulomb


➢ Ladingen trekken elkaar twee keer zo hard aan of stoten elkaar twee keer zo hard af
als een lading twee keer zo groot wordt.
➢ Als de afstand (kern – buitenste schil) twee keer zo groot wordt, wordt de
aantrekkings-/afstotingskracht vier keer zo klein.

○ Een elektron wordt dus veel sterker aangetrokken als de kern meer protonen
bevat

Regels van Slater – Z en Z eff
➢ Aantrekkingskracht kern, afstotingskracht e- onderling
➢ Buitenste valentie-e- voelen de kern niet/amper

➢ Z eff = Z – S
○ Z eff = effectieve kernlading die een e- ondervindt
○ Z = kernlading aantal protonen
○ S = Shielding constante door e- in zelfde en/of lagere energielevels

Regels van Slater – Shielding constante S
1. Schrijf de elektronenconfiguratie van het atoom in de volgende vorm: (1s) (2s, 2p)
(3s, 3p) (3d) (4s, 4p) (4d) (4f) (5s, 5p) . . .

2. Identificeer het elektron waarvan je wilt berekenen wat de S (shielding constant) is en
negeer alle elektronen in hogere groepen.
3. Twee scenario’s:
➢ Shielding voor s- en p-elektronen
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