Week 1
1
,Week 1
2
, Week 1
Chapter 1: Epidemiology is…
What is epidemiology
→ Using data to analyze diseases in populations
= The study of what is upon the people
Epi (among), demos (people) and logos (study)
Important questions within epidemiology
Endemics = diseases that are found in some places but not in others
Epidemics = diseases that are seen at sometimes but not others
Purpose of epidemiology
- Information about the natural history of diseases
Beriberi
- Describing the health status of the population
→ Nutritional disease caused by the deficiency of vitamin B1
- Establishing causes of diseases
- Found by Christiaan Eijkman
- Evaluating the effectiveness of interventions
Pellagra
Life expectancy → Nutritional disease caused by the deficiency of Vitamin B3
HALE → Health adjusted life expectancy - Mostly caused by poor diet and poverty
DALYs → Disability-adjusted life expectancy
Both make it easier to compare data internationally (between different countries)
Attack rate & Relative risk
Attack rate = percentage of population that is infected/diseased
Relative risk = how much more likely are people getting ill, then when they aren’t exposed to it
Example: Food poisoning
3
, Week 1
156 out of 343 people who ate hot chicken became ill.
156/343 = 0.45 = 45% (attack rate), of the population got food poisoning from hot chicken.
→ The better option is to calculate the relative risk
- Hot chicken = 45%
- No hot chicken = 32%
45%/32% = 1.4 times (relative risk) more likely to get ill from * The food that has the highest relative risk
hot chicken, compared to when they didn’t eat hot chicken is most likely to be the cause of the illness
Different types of studies
Within epidemiology different types of studies are used
Cohort study ‘Longitudinal study’
= Study that follows participants over a long period of time
Case control study
= Comparing two groups Group 1: Disease
- Most used study Group 2: No disease
Randomized control trails (RCT)
= population used in the study is chosen randomly
- Best for infectious diseases
→ For chronic diseases its best to use observational studies
Clips & E-module
Epidemiologist = Scientific detective
→ Analyzing patterns and causes
→ Preventing of the diseases in the population
Prevention
Individual level Environmental level
- One person with obesity - Production, food chain, socials, etc.
DISH model
Determinants Intake Status Health
of diet and lifestyle of food and nutrients And function the body and disease risk
4
1
,Week 1
2
, Week 1
Chapter 1: Epidemiology is…
What is epidemiology
→ Using data to analyze diseases in populations
= The study of what is upon the people
Epi (among), demos (people) and logos (study)
Important questions within epidemiology
Endemics = diseases that are found in some places but not in others
Epidemics = diseases that are seen at sometimes but not others
Purpose of epidemiology
- Information about the natural history of diseases
Beriberi
- Describing the health status of the population
→ Nutritional disease caused by the deficiency of vitamin B1
- Establishing causes of diseases
- Found by Christiaan Eijkman
- Evaluating the effectiveness of interventions
Pellagra
Life expectancy → Nutritional disease caused by the deficiency of Vitamin B3
HALE → Health adjusted life expectancy - Mostly caused by poor diet and poverty
DALYs → Disability-adjusted life expectancy
Both make it easier to compare data internationally (between different countries)
Attack rate & Relative risk
Attack rate = percentage of population that is infected/diseased
Relative risk = how much more likely are people getting ill, then when they aren’t exposed to it
Example: Food poisoning
3
, Week 1
156 out of 343 people who ate hot chicken became ill.
156/343 = 0.45 = 45% (attack rate), of the population got food poisoning from hot chicken.
→ The better option is to calculate the relative risk
- Hot chicken = 45%
- No hot chicken = 32%
45%/32% = 1.4 times (relative risk) more likely to get ill from * The food that has the highest relative risk
hot chicken, compared to when they didn’t eat hot chicken is most likely to be the cause of the illness
Different types of studies
Within epidemiology different types of studies are used
Cohort study ‘Longitudinal study’
= Study that follows participants over a long period of time
Case control study
= Comparing two groups Group 1: Disease
- Most used study Group 2: No disease
Randomized control trails (RCT)
= population used in the study is chosen randomly
- Best for infectious diseases
→ For chronic diseases its best to use observational studies
Clips & E-module
Epidemiologist = Scientific detective
→ Analyzing patterns and causes
→ Preventing of the diseases in the population
Prevention
Individual level Environmental level
- One person with obesity - Production, food chain, socials, etc.
DISH model
Determinants Intake Status Health
of diet and lifestyle of food and nutrients And function the body and disease risk
4
