Biol 220 Study Guide for Nervous System - Q&A

Biol 220 Study Guide for Nervous System - Q&A The nervous system contains mostly nervous tissue. What are Typer the other 3 tissue types? Epithelial, Connective, Skeletal Muscle 1) Components of the Nervous System know 3 major functions of the nervous system: Sensory via sensory (afferent) neurons ◆ Detect internal and external stimuli, carry afferent neurons, and send sensory info into brain and spinal cord thru cranial & spinal nerves Integrative ◆ Process sensory info by analyzing and storing it, perception, and carry interneurons Motor via motor (efferent) neurons ◆ Carry efferent neurons, carry info from brain toward spinal cord or out of brain and spinal cord to effectors, motor response What is the meaning of the term afferent? From sensory to spinal cord/ brain What is the meaning of the term efferent? Motor neurons that take impulses from CNS to muscle in order to cause movement 2) Components of the Central Nervous System Brain and Spinal Cord 3) Components of the Peripheral Nervous System Cranial nerves and their branches - arise from the brain Spinal nerves and their branches - arise from spinal cord Ganglia - a structure containing a number of nerve cell bodies, typically linked by synapses, and often forming a swelling on a nerve fiber. Sensory receptors - dendrites of sensory neurons (detect blood acidity and light touches to the skin) 4) Histology of the Nervous System a) Define: Neuron - a cell specialized in transmitting electrical signals Neuroglial cell - form myelin, protect, support, and maintain equilibrium Electrical excitability - Activity of the nervous system is reflected in a variety of electrical and chemical signals that arise in the receptor organs, the nerve cells and the effector organs Nerve - bundle of fibers composed of neurons that connects the body parts and organs to the central nervous system and carries impulses from one part of the body to another. b) Know the structural components of a neuron including myelin. Dendrite, axon, axon hillock, cell body, myelin sheath, Node of Ranvier, Schwann cells, Synaptic End Bulb c) Know the functional classification of neurons: