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Aminoácidos, peptidos, y proteínas. Desarrollo, clasificación y estructura. Proteínas de importancia biomedica.

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Este resumen, tratará sobre los aminoácidos y peptidos que conformarán a las proteínas, la cual es una macromolécula, cual será su estructura, su función y su importancia fisiológica en el cuerpo humano.

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Uploaded on
October 24, 2021
Number of pages
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Written in
2021/2022
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María garcia
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Son ácidos orgánicos que presentan al menos un grupo carboxilo, y un grupo amino unido
en su carbono alfa. Su estructura general es la siguiente.




En la estructura de los aminoácidos se van a observar dos partes: una donde va a haber un
grupo carboxilo y uno amino unidos al carbono alfa. Y el resto de la estructura es
representado por la letra r que corresponde a la cadena lateral del aminoácido, que es la
parte que diferencia a un aminoácido de otro por tanto es la porción variable de la
molécula.

En las cadenas laterales R pueden aparecer cadenas hidrocarbonadas, anillos aromáticos,
grupos hidroxilos, sulfidrilos, grupos carboxilos, aminos y otros que confieren propiedades
diferentes a estas biomoleculas y que permiten su clasificación en base a diferentes
criterios.



Aminoacido Tipo Abreviatur Letr pKa (- pKb pKr pI
s a a COOH (NH3+
) )
Glicina Neutros GLI G 2,34 9,78 6,06
Alanina apolares, ALA A 2,35 9,69 6,02
Valina alifaticos VAL V 2,32 9,62 5,97
Isoleucina ILE I 2,36 9,68 6,02
Leucina LEU L 2,36 9,64 6,00
Metionina Neutro, MET M 2,28 9,21 5,75
apolar,
azufrado
Prolina Neutro PRO P 1,99 10,60 6,30
apolar

, Fenilalanina Neutro PHE F 1,83 9,29 5,53
aromatico
no apolar
Tirosina Neutro, TRY Y 2,20 9,11 10,07 5,65
aromatico
polar sin
carga
Triptófano Neutro, TRP W 2,38 9,39 5,89
aromatico
y apolar
Serina Neutro, SER S 2,21 9,15
polar sin
carga,
hidroxilad
o
Cisteína Neutro, CYS C 1,96 10,28 8,18 (GRUPO 5,07
polar sin SULFIDRILO
carga,
azufrado
Treonina Neutro, TRE T 2,71 9,62 6,16
polar sin
carga,
hidroxilad
o
Asparagina Neutro, ASG N 2,02 8,80 5,41
polar sin
carga,
amida
glutamina Neutro, GLN Q 2,17 9,13 5,65
polar sin
carga,
amida
Acido Acidos ASP D 2,09 9,82 3,86 (B 2,97
aspártico con carga CARB
negativa OXILO)
Acido GLU E 2,19 9,67 4,25 (Y 3,22
glutamico CARBOXILO
)
Lisina Basicos LYS K 2,18 8,95 10,53 (E 9,74
con carga amino)
Arginina positiva ARG R 2,17 9,04 12,48 (g 10,7
vanidina) 6
histidina HIS H 1,82 9,17 6,00 7,58
(imidazol)
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