Pharmacology Success NCLEX -Style TEST BANK Q&A Review THIRD EDITION Kathryn Cadenhead Colgrove, RN, MS, CNS Christi Doherty, DNP, MSN, RNC-OB, CNE

1 Basic Concepts in Medication Administration 1 PHARMACOLOGY TEST-TAKING HINTS 1 POPULATION-SPECIFIC INFORMATION 5 Pediatric Clients 5 Elderly Clients 5 Females of Childbearing Age 5 IMPORTANT DATA TO REMEMBER 5 Medication Memory Jogger 6 2 Neurological System 7 QUESTIONS 7 A Client With a Head Injury 7 A Client With Seizures 8 A Client With a Cerebrovascular Accident 10 A Client With a Brain Tumor 11 A Client With Parkinson’s Disease 13 A Client With Alzheimer’s Disease 14 A Client With a Migraine Headache 16 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 18 A Client With a Head Injury 18 A Client With Seizures 20 A Client With a Cerebrovascular Accident 21 A Client With a Brain Tumor 23 A Client With Parkinson’s Disease 25 A Client With Alzheimer’s Disease 27 A Client With a Migraine Headache 28 NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION 31 NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 35 3 Cardiovascular System 39 QUESTIONS 39 A Client With Angina/Myocardial Infarction 39 A Client With Coronary Artery Disease 41 A Client With Congestive Heart Failure 42 A Client With Dysrhythmias and Conduction Problems 44 A Client With Inflammatory Cardiac Disorders 47 A Client With Arterial Occlusive Disease 48 A Client With Arterial Hypertension 49 A Client With Deep Vein Thrombosis 51 A Client With Anemia 53 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 55 A Client With Angina/Myocardial Infarction 55 A Client With Coronary Artery Disease 56 A Client With Congestive Heart Failure 58 A Client With Dysrhythmias and Conduction Problems 60 A Client With Inflammatory Cardiac Disorders 62 vii viii TABLE OF CONTENTS A Client With Arterial Occlusive Disease 64 A Client With Arterial Hypertension 65 A Client With Deep Vein Thrombosis 67 A Client With Anemia 69 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION 72 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 76 4 Pulmonary System 81 QUESTIONS 81 A Client With an Upper Respiratory Infection 81 A Client With a Lower Respiratory Infection 82 A Client With Reactive Airway Disease 84 A Child With Reactive Airway Disease 85 A Client With a Pulmonary Embolus 86 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 89 A Client With an Upper Respiratory Infection 89 A Client With a Lower Respiratory Infection 90 A Client With Reactive Airway Disease 92 A Child With Reactive Airway Disease 94 A Client With a Pulmonary Embolus 96 PULMONARY SYSTEM COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION 99 PULMONARY SYSTEM COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 102 5 Gastrointestinal System 107 QUESTIONS 107 A Client With Gastroesophageal Reflux 107 A Client With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) 108 A Client With Peptic Ulcer Disease 109 An Elderly Client With Diverticulosis/Diverticulitis 111 A Client With Liver Failure 112 A Client With Hepatitis 113 A Child With Gastroenteritis 115 A Client With Obesity 116 A Client Experiencing Constipation or Diarrhea 117 A Client Undergoing Abdominal Surgery With General Anesthesia 118 A Client Receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition 120 A Client Experiencing Acute Pain 122 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 124 A Client With Gastroesophageal Reflux 124 A Client With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) 125 A Client With Peptic Ulcer Disease 127 An Elderly Client With Diverticulosis/Diverticulitis 129 A Client With Liver Failure 131 A Client With Hepatitis 133 A Child With Gastroenteritis 135 A Client With Obesity 137 A Client Experiencing Constipation or Diarrhea 138 A Client Undergoing Abdominal Surgery With General Anesthesia 140 A Client Receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition 142 A Client Experiencing Acute Pain 143 GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION 146 GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 151 TABLE OF CONTENTS ix 6 Endocrine System 157 QUESTIONS 157 A Client With Type 1 Diabetes 157 A Client With Type 2 Diabetes 158 A Client With Pancreatitis 160 A Client With Adrenal Disorders 161 A Client With Pituitary Disorders 163 A Client With Thyroid Disorders 164 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 166 A Client With Type 1 Diabetes 166 A Client With Type 2 Diabetes 168 A Client With Pancreatitis 170 A Client With Adrenal Disorders 172 A Client With Pituitary Disorders 174 A Client With Thyroid Disorders 176 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION 179 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 183 7 Genitourinary System 187 QUESTIONS 187 A Client With Chronic Kidney Disease 187 A Client With a Urinary Tract Infection 188 A Client With Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy 190 A Client With Renal Calculi 191 An Adolescent With a Sexually Transmitted Infection 192 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 194 A Client With Chronic Kidney Disease 194 A Client With a Urinary Tract Infection 195 A Client With Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy 197 A Client With Renal Calculi 199 An Adolescent With a Sexually Transmitted Infection 200 GENITOURINARY SYSTEM COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION 203 GENITOURINARY SYSTEM COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 206 8 Reproductive System 209 QUESTIONS 209 A Client Experiencing Pregnancy 209 The Newborn Client Transitioning to Extrauterine Life 214 A Client Experiencing Infertility 215 A Client Using Birth Control. 216 A Client Experiencing Reproductive Hormone Changes 217 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 219 A Client Experiencing Pregnancy 219 The Newborn Client Transitioning to Extrauterine Life 223 A Client Experiencing Infertility 224 A Client Using Birth Control. 225 A Client Experiencing Reproductive Hormone Changes 227 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION 228 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 231 9 Musculoskeletal System 235 QUESTIONS 235 A Client With Low Back Pain 235 A Client With Renal Osteoarthritis 236 x TABLE OF CONTENTS A Client With Renal Osteoporosis 238 A Client Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery 239 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 241 A Client With Low Back Pain 241 A Client With Osteoarthritis 242 A Client With Osteoporosis 245 A Client Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery 247 MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION 250 MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 254 10 Integumentary System 259 QUESTIONS 259 A Client With Burns 259 A Client With Pressure Ulcers 260 A Client With a Skin Disorder 262 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 264 A Client With Burns 264 A Client With Pressure Ulcers 265 A Client With a Skin Disorder 267 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION 269 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 272 11 Immune Inflammatory System 277 QUESTIONS 277 A Client With an Autoimmune Disease 277 A Client With HIV/AIDS 278 A Client With Allergies 280 A Client With Rheumatoid Arthritis 281 A Child Receiving Immunizations 282 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 285 A Client With an Autoimmune Disease 285 A Client With HIV/AIDS 286 A Client With Allergies 288 A Client With Rheumatoid Arthritis 290 A Child Receiving Immunizations 292 IMMUNE INFLAMMATORY SYSTEM COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION 294 IMMUNE INFLAMMATORY SYSTEM COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 297 12 Cancer Treatments 301 QUESTIONS 301 A Client Receiving Chemotherapy 301 A Client Receiving a Biologic Response Modifier 304 A Client Receiving Hormone Therapy 305 A Client Receiving an Investigational Protocol 306 A Client Undergoing Surgery for Cancer 308 A Client With Chronic Pain 309 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 312 A Client Receiving Chemotherapy 312 A Client Receiving a Biologic Response Modifier 313 A Client Receiving Hormone Therapy 316 A Client Receiving an Investigational Protocol 317 A Client Undergoing Surgery for Cancer 319 A Client With Chronic Pain 321 CANCER TREATMENTS COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION 323 CANCER TREATMENTS COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 328 TABLE OF CONTENTS xi 13 Mental Health Disorders 333 QUESTIONS 333 A Client With a Major Depressive Disorder 333 A Client With Bipolar Disorder 334 A Client With Schizophrenia 336 A Client With an Anxiety Disorder 337 A Child With Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder 339 A Client With a Sleep Disorder 340 A Client With Substance Abuse Issues 342 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 344 A Client With a Major Depressive Disorder 344 A Client With Bipolar Disorder 346 A Client With Schizophrenia 348 A Client With an Anxiety Disorder 350 A Child With Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder 352 A Client With a Sleep Disorder 353 A Client With Substance Abuse Issues 355 MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION 358 MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 362 14 Sensory Deficits 367 QUESTIONS 367 A Client With an Eye Disorder 367 A Child With an Ear Infection 369 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 371 A Client With an Eye Disorder 371 A Child With an Ear Infection 372 SENSORY DEFICITS COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION 375 SENSORY DEFICITS COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 378 15 Emergency Nursing 381 QUESTIONS 381 A Client Experiencing Shock 381 A Community Facing Bioterrorism 382 A Client Experiencing a Code 384 A Child Experiencing Poisoning 385 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 387 A Client Experiencing Shock 387 A Community Facing Bioterrorism 389 A Client Experiencing a Code 390 A Child Experiencing Poisoning 392 EMERGENCY NURSING COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION 394 EMERGENCY NURSING COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 397 16 Nonprescribed Medications 401 QUESTIONS 401 A Client Taking Herbs 401 A Client Taking Vitamins/Minerals 402 A Client Self-Prescribing Medications 403 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 405 A Client Taking Herbs 405 A Client Taking Vitamins/Minerals 406 A Client Self-Prescribing Medications 407 NONPRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION 410 NONPRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 413 xii TABLE OF CONTENTS 17 Administration of Medications 417 QUESTIONS 417 The Nurse Administering Medications 417 The Nurse Computing Math to Administer Medications 418 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 421 The Nurse Administering Medications 421 The Nurse Computing Math to Administer Medications 422 ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICATIONS COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION 424 ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICATIONS COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 427 18 Comprehensive Examination 431 QUESTIONS 431 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 445