CHAPTER 16 BREASTFEEDING QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
BREASTFEEDING STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
Breastfeeding exclusively for first ___________. - ✔✔6 months
Breastfeeding combined with foods for at least ____________. - ✔✔first year
Healthy People 2020 breast feeding goals - ✔✔81.9% of mothers initiating breastfeeding
60.6% breastfeeding by 6 months
34.1% breastfeeding by 1 year
56.2% breastfeeding exclusively for 3 months
Removal of barriers for working mothers
Efforts to support breastfeeding
Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative - ✔✔-Written breastfeeding policy/staff training 10 point criteria
-Teach benefits/management of breastfeeding
-Initiate breastfeeding within 30 minutes - 1 hour of birth
-Breastfeed/maintain lactation if separated from infant
-No food or drink for infants other than breast milk
-Rooming-in practices
-No pacifiers
-Breastfeeding support groups
Benefits of breastfeeding - ✔✔-Vitamins, minerals, macronutrients, antibodies, specific for humans
-Ideal support for the growth of infant
-Properties change as the infant grows
-Short- and long-term benefits Lower risk of gastroenteritis, NEC(necrotizing enterocolitis), AOM in early
childhood), lower respiratory tract infections, asthma, atopy, diabetes, SIDS, leukemia
Benefits of breastfeeding to mother - ✔✔-Rapid return to nonpregnancy state
-Establishment of the strong bond
-Decreased risk for breast and ovarian cancer
-Decreased metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, postpartum depression
Economic benefits of breastfeeding - ✔✔Free/plentiful
Decreased medical costs
Contraindications to breastfeeding - ✔✔1) HIV
2) galactosemia in baby
3) HSV if lesions on breast- herpetic lesions on mothers nipples, areolas,or breast)
- expressed breastmilk can be fed to infant
4) HBV until neonate has received HBV vaccine
5) Acute maternal disease if absent in infant (e.g., tuberculosis , sepsis)
6) Breast cancer receiving tx/ dx of cancer with treatment
7) Substance abuse
, 8) Mother with diagnosis of untreated brucellosis (an infectious disease caused by a type of bacteria
called Brucella. The bacteria can spread from animals to humans)
9) Maternal dx of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 or 2
10) Maternal use of cocaine, PCP and cannabis
Special considerations for breastfeeding - ✔✔Significant maternal/infant illness
Documented history of milk supply problems
Invasive breast surgery (maternal)
>Donor milk available
stages of milk production - ✔✔colostrum, transitional milk, mature milk
Colostrum milk - ✔✔-begins at about 16 weeks of gestation Fewer calories, lower fat than mature milk
Rich in immunoglobulins/antibodies Facilitates passage of meconium Meets all needs of term newborn
in first few days
-thin, yellowish, "immature" milk, may appear at any time from late pregnancy to early postpartum
-rich in protein, minerals, and vitamin A
- higher in Na, K, Cl, protein
-fewer carbs and calories
-contains antibodies and immune system cells
-encourages the growth of good bacteria in the large intestine
-natural laxative
Transitional milk - ✔✔-appears between 32 and 96 hours after birth
- the drop in placental hormones and increased prolactin levels triggers the transition milk.
-More lactose, calories, fat/less total protein
-Breastmilk produced between colostrum and mature milk, during the first 4-10 days postpartum.
Mature milk - ✔✔The breastmilk after colostrum and transitional milk, typically beginning 2 weeks
postpartum.
-replaces transitional milk by the second week after birth
-provides, on average, 20 kcal/oz.
- ongoing milk is supported by autocrine, endocrine, and metabolic controls
What percentage of breastmilk is water? - ✔✔90%/can meet all hydration needs
Lipid content of mature milk - ✔✔-most variable - during/between feedings, and over time
-
protein content of human milk - ✔✔- 0.9% of human milk content
- 60% to 70% whey
-30% to 40% casein
The primary carbohydrate of human breast milk is____________________. - ✔✔lactose; which is
synthesized by the mammary gland from glucose.
- Lactose supports growth of pathogen- competing microflora in the intestines and enhances the
absorption of calcium- important because of low levels of calcium in human milk
BREASTFEEDING STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
Breastfeeding exclusively for first ___________. - ✔✔6 months
Breastfeeding combined with foods for at least ____________. - ✔✔first year
Healthy People 2020 breast feeding goals - ✔✔81.9% of mothers initiating breastfeeding
60.6% breastfeeding by 6 months
34.1% breastfeeding by 1 year
56.2% breastfeeding exclusively for 3 months
Removal of barriers for working mothers
Efforts to support breastfeeding
Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative - ✔✔-Written breastfeeding policy/staff training 10 point criteria
-Teach benefits/management of breastfeeding
-Initiate breastfeeding within 30 minutes - 1 hour of birth
-Breastfeed/maintain lactation if separated from infant
-No food or drink for infants other than breast milk
-Rooming-in practices
-No pacifiers
-Breastfeeding support groups
Benefits of breastfeeding - ✔✔-Vitamins, minerals, macronutrients, antibodies, specific for humans
-Ideal support for the growth of infant
-Properties change as the infant grows
-Short- and long-term benefits Lower risk of gastroenteritis, NEC(necrotizing enterocolitis), AOM in early
childhood), lower respiratory tract infections, asthma, atopy, diabetes, SIDS, leukemia
Benefits of breastfeeding to mother - ✔✔-Rapid return to nonpregnancy state
-Establishment of the strong bond
-Decreased risk for breast and ovarian cancer
-Decreased metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, postpartum depression
Economic benefits of breastfeeding - ✔✔Free/plentiful
Decreased medical costs
Contraindications to breastfeeding - ✔✔1) HIV
2) galactosemia in baby
3) HSV if lesions on breast- herpetic lesions on mothers nipples, areolas,or breast)
- expressed breastmilk can be fed to infant
4) HBV until neonate has received HBV vaccine
5) Acute maternal disease if absent in infant (e.g., tuberculosis , sepsis)
6) Breast cancer receiving tx/ dx of cancer with treatment
7) Substance abuse
, 8) Mother with diagnosis of untreated brucellosis (an infectious disease caused by a type of bacteria
called Brucella. The bacteria can spread from animals to humans)
9) Maternal dx of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 or 2
10) Maternal use of cocaine, PCP and cannabis
Special considerations for breastfeeding - ✔✔Significant maternal/infant illness
Documented history of milk supply problems
Invasive breast surgery (maternal)
>Donor milk available
stages of milk production - ✔✔colostrum, transitional milk, mature milk
Colostrum milk - ✔✔-begins at about 16 weeks of gestation Fewer calories, lower fat than mature milk
Rich in immunoglobulins/antibodies Facilitates passage of meconium Meets all needs of term newborn
in first few days
-thin, yellowish, "immature" milk, may appear at any time from late pregnancy to early postpartum
-rich in protein, minerals, and vitamin A
- higher in Na, K, Cl, protein
-fewer carbs and calories
-contains antibodies and immune system cells
-encourages the growth of good bacteria in the large intestine
-natural laxative
Transitional milk - ✔✔-appears between 32 and 96 hours after birth
- the drop in placental hormones and increased prolactin levels triggers the transition milk.
-More lactose, calories, fat/less total protein
-Breastmilk produced between colostrum and mature milk, during the first 4-10 days postpartum.
Mature milk - ✔✔The breastmilk after colostrum and transitional milk, typically beginning 2 weeks
postpartum.
-replaces transitional milk by the second week after birth
-provides, on average, 20 kcal/oz.
- ongoing milk is supported by autocrine, endocrine, and metabolic controls
What percentage of breastmilk is water? - ✔✔90%/can meet all hydration needs
Lipid content of mature milk - ✔✔-most variable - during/between feedings, and over time
-
protein content of human milk - ✔✔- 0.9% of human milk content
- 60% to 70% whey
-30% to 40% casein
The primary carbohydrate of human breast milk is____________________. - ✔✔lactose; which is
synthesized by the mammary gland from glucose.
- Lactose supports growth of pathogen- competing microflora in the intestines and enhances the
absorption of calcium- important because of low levels of calcium in human milk
