NSGP 132 Exam 1 Study Guide With
Complete Solutions
dysphagia - ANSWER Definition: Difficulty swallowing; risk for aspiration
and malnutrition.
Assessment Findings: Coughing during meals, drooling, pocketing food,
wet/gurgly voice.
Interventions:
Position client upright (High Fowler's) during and 30-60 min after meals.
Provide thickened liquids and soft foods per speech therapy
recommendations.
Encourage small bites and slow chewing.
Keep suction equipment nearby.
Rationale: Upright positioning prevents aspiration; texture modification
reduces risk of choking.
address nutrition status - ANSWER Assess: Weight, BMI, lab values
(albumin, prealbumin, hemoglobin), intake records.
Interventions:
Record accurate intake/output.
Collaborate with dietitian for meal plans.
Monitor for unintentional weight loss or gain.
Rationale: Nutritional status affects wound healing, immunity, and recovery.
heart healthy diet - ANSWER Diet Focus: Low in saturated fats,
cholesterol, and sodium; rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Examples:
Limit red meat and fried foods.
Use olive oil or avocado instead of butter.
Choose lean proteins (chicken, fish).
Rationale: Reduces risk for atherosclerosis and hypertension.
, sources of potassium - ANSWER Foods: Bananas, oranges, potatoes,
tomatoes, spinach, beans.
Rationale: Potassium maintains cardiac rhythm and muscle function.
Nursing Note: Caution with clients on potassium-sparing diuretics or ACE
inhibitors (risk for hyperkalemia).
promote healthy lifestyle behaviors - ANSWER Includes: Balanced diet,
regular physical activity, stress management, adequate sleep, no smoking.
Rationale: Prevents chronic diseases and enhances overall wellness.
evaluating intake and output (I/O) - ANSWER Definition: Measurement of
all fluids taken in and excreted.
Interventions:
Record all oral, IV, and tube feed intake.
Measure urine, vomit, drainage.
Rationale: Monitors hydration status and renal function.
Normal Output: ≥30 mL/hr urine.
clear liquid diet - ANSWER Includes: Water, broth, gelatin, clear juices,
popsicles, coffee/tea (no cream).
Indications: Post-op, before diagnostic tests, nausea/vomiting.
Rationale: Provides hydration and electrolytes while minimizing GI
stimulation.
manifestations of dehydration - ANSWER Signs/Symptoms: Dry mucous
membranes, poor skin turgor, low urine output, tachycardia, hypotension,
confusion (in elderly).
Rationale: Loss of body fluids leads to decreased perfusion and electrolyte
imbalance.
Nursing Action: Encourage fluids (unless contraindicated), monitor vital
signs, report severe findings.
prioritize nutritional assessment tools - ANSWER Examples:
Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) for older adults.
BMI classification: Underweight <18.5, Normal 18.5-24.9, Overweight 25-
29.9.
Lab indicators: Low albumin = chronic malnutrition.
Rationale: Early identification of malnutrition allows timely intervention.
Complete Solutions
dysphagia - ANSWER Definition: Difficulty swallowing; risk for aspiration
and malnutrition.
Assessment Findings: Coughing during meals, drooling, pocketing food,
wet/gurgly voice.
Interventions:
Position client upright (High Fowler's) during and 30-60 min after meals.
Provide thickened liquids and soft foods per speech therapy
recommendations.
Encourage small bites and slow chewing.
Keep suction equipment nearby.
Rationale: Upright positioning prevents aspiration; texture modification
reduces risk of choking.
address nutrition status - ANSWER Assess: Weight, BMI, lab values
(albumin, prealbumin, hemoglobin), intake records.
Interventions:
Record accurate intake/output.
Collaborate with dietitian for meal plans.
Monitor for unintentional weight loss or gain.
Rationale: Nutritional status affects wound healing, immunity, and recovery.
heart healthy diet - ANSWER Diet Focus: Low in saturated fats,
cholesterol, and sodium; rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Examples:
Limit red meat and fried foods.
Use olive oil or avocado instead of butter.
Choose lean proteins (chicken, fish).
Rationale: Reduces risk for atherosclerosis and hypertension.
, sources of potassium - ANSWER Foods: Bananas, oranges, potatoes,
tomatoes, spinach, beans.
Rationale: Potassium maintains cardiac rhythm and muscle function.
Nursing Note: Caution with clients on potassium-sparing diuretics or ACE
inhibitors (risk for hyperkalemia).
promote healthy lifestyle behaviors - ANSWER Includes: Balanced diet,
regular physical activity, stress management, adequate sleep, no smoking.
Rationale: Prevents chronic diseases and enhances overall wellness.
evaluating intake and output (I/O) - ANSWER Definition: Measurement of
all fluids taken in and excreted.
Interventions:
Record all oral, IV, and tube feed intake.
Measure urine, vomit, drainage.
Rationale: Monitors hydration status and renal function.
Normal Output: ≥30 mL/hr urine.
clear liquid diet - ANSWER Includes: Water, broth, gelatin, clear juices,
popsicles, coffee/tea (no cream).
Indications: Post-op, before diagnostic tests, nausea/vomiting.
Rationale: Provides hydration and electrolytes while minimizing GI
stimulation.
manifestations of dehydration - ANSWER Signs/Symptoms: Dry mucous
membranes, poor skin turgor, low urine output, tachycardia, hypotension,
confusion (in elderly).
Rationale: Loss of body fluids leads to decreased perfusion and electrolyte
imbalance.
Nursing Action: Encourage fluids (unless contraindicated), monitor vital
signs, report severe findings.
prioritize nutritional assessment tools - ANSWER Examples:
Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) for older adults.
BMI classification: Underweight <18.5, Normal 18.5-24.9, Overweight 25-
29.9.
Lab indicators: Low albumin = chronic malnutrition.
Rationale: Early identification of malnutrition allows timely intervention.
