Internationalisering recht
Week 4.1
Case: Smit (Holland) sells tulip bulbs to Kohl (Germany). The tulip bulbs arrive in Germany, but are
bad. Does Smit has to pay?
1. What court of law has jurisdiction in this matter? A Dutch judge or a German court of
law?
2. What Law is to be applied by this judge? This can be any law (Dutch, German French, etc.)
3. What is the content of the applicable law?
(In many cases) an international treaty: the CISG
CISG
APPLICATION art 1. And 2
Eerste stap is dat je gaat kijken of de twee landen lid zijn. Moet je elke keer controleren!
Wanneer mag je de CISG gebruiken?
o Sale of goods = koopovereenkomst
o Parties from different states
o Between professionals . Alleen in B2B situaties
o No other exception
Formation of an agreement
Art. 23
Offer + acceptance = deal
Offer = art. 14. Aan de drie elementen moet worden voldaan
When one or two elements are missing, a invitation to enter into negotiations is given to the other
party.
4. At what moment is the agreement concluded datum en tijdstip
When the acceptance becomes effective (art. 23)
What moment is the acceptance effective? art. 18
Op het moment dat de brief op de deurmat valt, op het moment dat hij de e-mail heeft
ontvangen. Op het moment hij telefonisch het antwoord heeft gehoord. (Reception
theory)
Withdrawal = art. 15
- Prevents the offer
- Withdrawal must happen fast: kan tot het moment dat die brief die wederpartij bereikt. Een e-mail is
dus niet meer in te trekken. Ook een telefonisch aanbod kan je niet intrekken.
- Bij withdrawal zorg je dat er überhaupt geen geldig aanbod tot stand komt
5. How long is the offer valid?
Art. 17 & 18
Rejection terminates the offer
Period of time mentioned in the offer
Certain time (when you haven’t mentioned a time) offer in writing / oral offer (p. 47)
, Revocation of the offer
- Art. 16
- Any offer is revocable, unless:
o Offer has already been accepted
o Offeree has sent (dispatched) his acceptance
o Offer is irrevocable
- Bij revocation geef je toe dat het aanbod er ligt, maar dat je het gaat herroepen (to revoce)
In circumstances where the offer was made with the reservation ‘prices subject to change’ or ‘price not binding’, it is
still possible for A to revoke his offer after it has been accepted but it must be done so immediately.
(This is an revocation of an offer after an agreement has become final)
B can still refuse to accept A’s offer. He can do this by rejecting the offer explicitly (‘Keep the goods, I don’t want
them’) or by making a new offer to A.
B’s new offer to A is referred to as a counter offer. By making this offer, A’s first offer no longer legally exists.
A letter of intent is often used to establish the current status of negotiations between the parties
involved. It is also intended to be a draft version of the final agreement.
The preliminary stage is governed by the rules of good faith.
(Page 50, third paragraph read it)
That which is essential to an agreement are agreements on the elements of price and object.
As a result, breaking off negotiations can conflict with the rules of good faith. Thus breaking off
negotiations by one party can lead to claim for compensation for damages by the other party. This
claim must be based on either a breach of contract or on tort.
Week 4.1
Case: Smit (Holland) sells tulip bulbs to Kohl (Germany). The tulip bulbs arrive in Germany, but are
bad. Does Smit has to pay?
1. What court of law has jurisdiction in this matter? A Dutch judge or a German court of
law?
2. What Law is to be applied by this judge? This can be any law (Dutch, German French, etc.)
3. What is the content of the applicable law?
(In many cases) an international treaty: the CISG
CISG
APPLICATION art 1. And 2
Eerste stap is dat je gaat kijken of de twee landen lid zijn. Moet je elke keer controleren!
Wanneer mag je de CISG gebruiken?
o Sale of goods = koopovereenkomst
o Parties from different states
o Between professionals . Alleen in B2B situaties
o No other exception
Formation of an agreement
Art. 23
Offer + acceptance = deal
Offer = art. 14. Aan de drie elementen moet worden voldaan
When one or two elements are missing, a invitation to enter into negotiations is given to the other
party.
4. At what moment is the agreement concluded datum en tijdstip
When the acceptance becomes effective (art. 23)
What moment is the acceptance effective? art. 18
Op het moment dat de brief op de deurmat valt, op het moment dat hij de e-mail heeft
ontvangen. Op het moment hij telefonisch het antwoord heeft gehoord. (Reception
theory)
Withdrawal = art. 15
- Prevents the offer
- Withdrawal must happen fast: kan tot het moment dat die brief die wederpartij bereikt. Een e-mail is
dus niet meer in te trekken. Ook een telefonisch aanbod kan je niet intrekken.
- Bij withdrawal zorg je dat er überhaupt geen geldig aanbod tot stand komt
5. How long is the offer valid?
Art. 17 & 18
Rejection terminates the offer
Period of time mentioned in the offer
Certain time (when you haven’t mentioned a time) offer in writing / oral offer (p. 47)
, Revocation of the offer
- Art. 16
- Any offer is revocable, unless:
o Offer has already been accepted
o Offeree has sent (dispatched) his acceptance
o Offer is irrevocable
- Bij revocation geef je toe dat het aanbod er ligt, maar dat je het gaat herroepen (to revoce)
In circumstances where the offer was made with the reservation ‘prices subject to change’ or ‘price not binding’, it is
still possible for A to revoke his offer after it has been accepted but it must be done so immediately.
(This is an revocation of an offer after an agreement has become final)
B can still refuse to accept A’s offer. He can do this by rejecting the offer explicitly (‘Keep the goods, I don’t want
them’) or by making a new offer to A.
B’s new offer to A is referred to as a counter offer. By making this offer, A’s first offer no longer legally exists.
A letter of intent is often used to establish the current status of negotiations between the parties
involved. It is also intended to be a draft version of the final agreement.
The preliminary stage is governed by the rules of good faith.
(Page 50, third paragraph read it)
That which is essential to an agreement are agreements on the elements of price and object.
As a result, breaking off negotiations can conflict with the rules of good faith. Thus breaking off
negotiations by one party can lead to claim for compensation for damages by the other party. This
claim must be based on either a breach of contract or on tort.
