NUR 2571: PN2-Exam-3-StudyGuide

PN2 Exam 3 Study Guide ARTICLE: Seizure (new and improved in the last two years) Cataracts: what are you going to do?, what are you going to see?, what is the treatment? Cataracts occur as the opacity of the lens becomes cloudy or turns a yellowish brown color, distorting the light passing through to the retina • The lens is made of water and protein; when the protein clumps together this produces the cloudiness • When the lens develops the yellowish brown color it often results in color distortion • Symptoms include cloudiness or blurriness, reduced night vision, and color distortion or faded colors Management for patients with cataracts starts with adjusting the corrective lens as frequently as necessary to ensure optimal vision • Surgical treatment for cataracts begins when vision is sufficiently impaired to interfere with ADLs o There are two types of surgery: phacoemulsification and extracapsular surgery o Cataract surgery is done almost exclusively as an outpatient procedure o Preoperative nursing care includes preop history and physical, including medication usage, administration of eye drops to dilate the pupil and cause vasoconstriction, and patient education o Oral medications may be given in the preop phase to reduce intraocular pressure, such as acteazol amide (Diamox, Acetazolam) o During the intraop procedure, the cataract is removed, and an IOL is placed in most patients o Postop care usually includes use of eye drops, including a steroid and antibiotic placed subconjunctivally o The eye is usually left unpatched, and the patient discharged home o Emphasize the postop care of eye drop instillation o The postop period should be relatively free of complication, and pain or swelling are generally not expected. If pain with nausea and vomiting should occur, notify the ophthalmologist Rheumatoid Arthritis: plan of care, what are you going to do for them, what are you going to see, help alleviate it, are they going to get better (is it going to go away), what will work for them, what will not Planning and Implementation: • Expected outcomes include preserving the individual’s participation in daily activities, maintain pain at a level that permits participation in self care; being able to balance rest and activity; adhering to the therapeutic regimen; and coping effectively with the numerous psycho social spiritual impacts of the disease • The nurse must be knowledgeable of the latest drug safety information • Vigilant assessment of the patient’s increased susceptibility to infections and toxic effects of immunosuppressive therapy to organs and tissues is essential • The goals of treatment focus on managing pain and reducing inflammation, promoting remission, increasing ADL function abilities, and helping individuals to cope with disabilities • Progression of the disease can be slowed with early aggressive treatment • Multidisciplinary approaches are used, including muscle strengthening, ROM, and activities to prevent imbalance and the risk of further injury because of falls • Water treatment • Applications of heat or cold and analgesic ointments to the affected areas often provide pain relief, however, massage can aggravate the inflammation in the acute inflamed joints • Inmersion of the hands in warm paraffin baths followed by hand exercises is beneficial in relieving pain and stiffness • Acupuncture, yoga, guided imagery, and therapeutic touch • Surgeries, such as tendon transfer, surgical removal of the synovia in the affected joints, fusion of a joint, arthroplasty, and joint replacement