Study Guide for Third Midterm Exam

points returned Neuroanatomy (part 2) How is the brain organized? (Based on developmental ontogeny) Ventricular system and the central nervous system: forms from the walls of fluid filled neural tube. Inside of neural tube becomes ventricular system. Tube: • endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm • neural plate→ neural groove→ neural tube • fusion of neural folds: where neural tube becomes CNS neurons and neural crest/plate becomes PNS neurons 3 Primary brain vesicles: • prosencephalon: telencephalon, diencephalon, optic vesicle (forebrain) • mesencephalon (midbrain) • rhombencephalon (hindbrain) What are the major regions of the rhombencephalon (hindbrain) and their major functions? Cerebellum • Involved in fine motor control and balance Pons • associated with several nuclei mediating hearing, vestibular and taste functions, several tracts, and pontine reticular formation (sleep/arousal) • connects the cerebral cortex to the two sides of the cerebellum; helps coordinate and integrate movements on each side of the body. Reticular Formation: (web-like) associated w this. Network of nerve pathways in brainstem connecting spinal cord, cerebellum, cerebrum, and mediating overall level of consciousness. Medulla Oblongata (a.k.a. medulla) • Dorsomedial medulla contains sensory relay nuclei • Contains a number of nuclei crucial for vital functions (heart rate, breathing, etc.) • Ventral medulla contains corticospinal neurons for voluntary movement • Contains all tracts to/from spinal cord/brain What are the major regions of the mesencephalon (midbrain) and their major functions? ....................CONTINUED....................