Exam (elaborations) PSYC 300

PSYCOLOGY QUIZ The two properties about a set of measurements of a dependent vari- able that we are most interested in describing are: number of scores. The generally preferred measure of central tendency is usually the Which of the following is the most useful descriptive statistic for measuring dispersion? The standard deviation is If the mean I.Q. is 100 and the standard deviation of I.Q. scores is 15, then an I.Q. of 130 will have a z score (or standard score) of . manipulation; chance manipulation; experimental error sampling error; independent variable independent variable; experimental error different; different different; the same the same; different the same; the same The power of a statistical test refers to its ability to reject false null hypotheses. reject false experimental hypotheses. reject true null hypotheses. reject true experimental hypotheses. Simple analysis of variance is used in designs having one independent variable more than one independent variable more than one independent variable (IV) but less than four IVs more than one dependent variable The number of participants in a study is denoted by s. n. z. r. A is a complete set of measurements. sample population random sampling parameter is one way of ensuring that a sample is representative of the population. The two-tailed test The between-subjects design The sign test Random sampling If we conduct an experiment on average young, white, college males, inferential statistics allow us to generalize to the population of average young, white, college males. college male students. college students. young adults. If we apply an alpha level of .05, and there really is no effect of the ex- perimental manipulation, then one should make a Type I error 5% of the time. 10% of the time. 15% of the time. 95% of the time. Which of the following would be considered the most conservative al- pha level? .01 .05 .10 .15 The prediction that alcohol slows reaction time is nondirectional. directional. semidirectional. partially directional. powerful than one-tailed tests. less; less less; more more; less more; more The indicates the number of scores that are free to vary. U degrees of freedom magnitude of effect point biserial The is used to analyze the results when there are more than two groups. t-test z-test analysis of variance none of the above The maintains that two conditions do not differ. experimental hypothesis level of confidence law of effect null hypothesis A conservative statistical test is one that minimizes both Type I and Type II errors. minimizes Type I errors, but increases the chance of Type II errors. minimizes Type II errors, but increases the chance of Type I errors. increases the chance of both Type I and II errors. What are inferential statistics used for? summarize the mean and standard deviation of the data estimate if differences between groups are by chance describe the data from 2 unrelated groups describe the relationship within a set of data Descriptive statistics are used to: compare the signficance of the difference between 2 data sets test the difference between the means describe the observations describe the type one error in an experiment Which of the following is not a characteristic of the normal curve: bell-shaped represents 100% of the scores under the curve 100 is at the center allows us to determine rank Which of the following is NOT an empirical question? Are women more talkative than men? Is dieting an effective weight loss strategy? Should we prohibit cell phone use while driving? Does cognitive psychotherapy help depressed people? The tendency to notice evidence that is consistent with our beliefs and ignore evidence that is inconsistent with our beliefs is called . wishful thinking confirmation bias skepticism common sense Two important attitudes of scientists are skepticism and . emotional neutrality mathematical ability tolerance of uncertainty religious agnosticism ...................................CONT......................................