ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam + Study Guide

ATI Nutrition Proctored Part 1: General Notes Part 2: Focused Review Notes Part 3: ATI Rational with Additional/Supported Information PART 1: GENERAL NOTES (Important Facts) • Be wary of questions regarding children drinking too much milk i.e. more than 3-4 cups of milk each day. Too much milk intake reduces intake of other essential nutrients, especially iron. Watch for anemia with milk-aholics. • Vitamin D’s presence is required by the parathyroid gland, in order for it to function. • If the patient is taking digoxin or K-supplements, avoid salt substitutes because many are potassium based • Potassium Sources: bananas, potatoes, citrus fruits • No milk (as well as fresh fruit or veggies) on neutropenic precautions. • Nondairy sources of calcium include RHUBARB, SARDINES, COLLARD GREENS 24 • Nonfat milk reduces reflux by increasing lower esophageal sphincter pressure • Yogurt has live cultures, so do not give to immunosuppressed patients • No phenylalanine with a kid positive for PKU (no meat, no dairy, no aspartame). • Acid Ash diet: cheese, corn, cranberries, plums, prunes, meat, poultry, pastry, bread • Alk Ash diet: milk, veggies, rhubarb, salmon PART 2: Focused Review Notes Manifestations of Vitamin A Toxicity  Can cause teratogenic effects on fetuses  Blurred vision  Bone pain or swelling  Hypercalcemia  ICP  Liver damage  Skin peeling, itching  Nausea and vomiting  Abnormal softening of the skull bone (children) and bulging fontanels Planning Care for a Client Who Follows Seventh-Day Adventist Dietary Laws  Vegetarianism o Do not consume animal products of any type INCLUDING eggs and milk products. o Vitamin B12 and Vitamin D supplements may be needed with a pure vegan diet.  Vegan diets are adequate in protein due to intake of nuts and legumes (dried peas and cooked beans). Initiating Continuous Enteral Feeding  This is recommended for critically ill patients because it is associated with small residual volumes, and a lower risk of aspiration and diarrhea.  Residual volumes should be measures q4-6hrs.  Feeding tubes should be flushed with water q4hr to maintain patency and hydration.  If patient’s gastric volume exceeds 500ml, the continuous feeding should be HELD and tolerance reassessed. o In children, residual volumes should be