BIOS 252 Week 7 Lab Practicum Actual
Exam QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2026/2027 | Anatomy & Physiology II Lab
Practical | Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
Section 1: Endocrine System - Glands and Hormones
Questions 1-15
Question 1
Identify the structure indicated by the arrow on the endocrine model (located in the neck,
butterfly-shaped, anterior to the trachea).
A. Parathyroid glands
B. Thyroid gland [CORRECT]
C. Thymus
D. Submandibular gland
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located in the neck, anterior to
the trachea, inferior to the larynx. It secretes T3, T4, and calcitonin. Parathyroid glands (A) are
small glands embedded on the posterior surface of the thyroid. Thymus (C) is in the
mediastinum. Submandibular gland (D) is a salivary gland.
Question 2
On a histological slide of the thyroid gland, the follicular cells surround a space filled with:
A. Blood
B. Colloid [CORRECT]
C. Lymph
D. Adipose tissue
Correct Answer: B
,Rationale: Thyroid follicles are lined by follicular cells and are filled with colloid, a
proteinaceous fluid containing thyroglobulin, the precursor to thyroid hormones. Options A, C,
and D are incorrect.
Question 3
The adrenal medulla secretes:
A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone
C. Epinephrine and norepinephrine [CORRECT]
D. Androgens
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The adrenal medulla (inner part) secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
(catecholamines) in response to sympathetic stimulation. The adrenal cortex (outer part) secretes
cortisol (A), aldosterone (B), and androgens (D).
Question 4
On a pancreatic histology slide, the Islets of Langerhans appear as:
A. Clusters of pale-staining cells among darker acinar cells [CORRECT]
B. Ducts lined with columnar epithelium
C. Large blood vessels
D. Adipose tissue
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Islets of Langerhans (endocrine pancreas) appear as pale-staining clusters of cells
scattered among the darker-staining acinar cells (exocrine pancreas) that produce digestive
enzymes. Options B, C, and D are incorrect.
Question 5
Identify the structure indicated by the arrow on the brain model (small gland located inferior to
the hypothalamus, connected by the infundibulum).
A. Pineal gland
B. Pituitary gland [CORRECT]
C. Thalamus
,D. Midbrain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The pituitary gland (hypophysis) is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone,
inferior to the hypothalamus, and connected by the infundibulum (pituitary stalk). It has anterior
(adenohypophysis) and posterior (neurohypophysis) lobes. Pineal gland (A) is posterior to the
third ventricle. Thalamus (C) is superior to the hypothalamus. Midbrain (D) is part of the
brainstem.
Question 6
Which zone of the adrenal cortex produces aldosterone?
A. Zona glomerulosa [CORRECT]
B. Zona fasciculata
C. Zona reticularis
D. Adrenal medulla
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The zona glomerulosa (outermost layer of the adrenal cortex) produces aldosterone
(mineralocorticoid). Zona fasciculata (B) produces cortisol (glucocorticoid). Zona reticularis (C)
produces androgens. Adrenal medulla (D) produces catecholamines.
Question 7
On a histological slide of the parathyroid gland, the chief cells produce:
A. Calcitonin
B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) [CORRECT]
C. Thyroxine
D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chief (principal) cells of the parathyroid gland produce parathyroid hormone (PTH),
which increases blood calcium levels. Calcitonin (A) is produced by thyroid parafollicular cells.
Thyroxine (C) is produced by thyroid follicular cells. Epinephrine (D) is produced by the adrenal
medulla.
Question 8
, Identify the endocrine gland located in the mediastinum, posterior to the sternum, that is
important for T-cell maturation.
A. Thyroid gland
B. Parathyroid glands
C. Thymus [CORRECT]
D. Pineal gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The thymus is located in the superior mediastinum, posterior to the sternum and
anterior to the great vessels. It is the site of T-cell maturation and is most prominent in children.
Thyroid (A) is in the neck. Parathyroids (B) are on the thyroid. Pineal (D) is in the brain.
Question 9
The posterior pituitary stores and releases:
A. Growth hormone and prolactin
B. ACTH and TSH
C. ADH (vasopressin) and oxytocin [CORRECT]
D. FSH and LH
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) stores and releases antidiuretic hormone
(ADH/vasopressin) and oxytocin, which are produced in the hypothalamus. Options A, B, and D
are hormones produced by the anterior pituitary.
Question 10
On a histological slide, which endocrine tissue would show cells arranged in cords and clusters
with abundant sinusoidal capillaries?
A. Thyroid follicles
B. Adrenal cortex [CORRECT]
C. Pancreatic islets
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Exam QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2026/2027 | Anatomy & Physiology II Lab
Practical | Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
Section 1: Endocrine System - Glands and Hormones
Questions 1-15
Question 1
Identify the structure indicated by the arrow on the endocrine model (located in the neck,
butterfly-shaped, anterior to the trachea).
A. Parathyroid glands
B. Thyroid gland [CORRECT]
C. Thymus
D. Submandibular gland
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located in the neck, anterior to
the trachea, inferior to the larynx. It secretes T3, T4, and calcitonin. Parathyroid glands (A) are
small glands embedded on the posterior surface of the thyroid. Thymus (C) is in the
mediastinum. Submandibular gland (D) is a salivary gland.
Question 2
On a histological slide of the thyroid gland, the follicular cells surround a space filled with:
A. Blood
B. Colloid [CORRECT]
C. Lymph
D. Adipose tissue
Correct Answer: B
,Rationale: Thyroid follicles are lined by follicular cells and are filled with colloid, a
proteinaceous fluid containing thyroglobulin, the precursor to thyroid hormones. Options A, C,
and D are incorrect.
Question 3
The adrenal medulla secretes:
A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone
C. Epinephrine and norepinephrine [CORRECT]
D. Androgens
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The adrenal medulla (inner part) secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
(catecholamines) in response to sympathetic stimulation. The adrenal cortex (outer part) secretes
cortisol (A), aldosterone (B), and androgens (D).
Question 4
On a pancreatic histology slide, the Islets of Langerhans appear as:
A. Clusters of pale-staining cells among darker acinar cells [CORRECT]
B. Ducts lined with columnar epithelium
C. Large blood vessels
D. Adipose tissue
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Islets of Langerhans (endocrine pancreas) appear as pale-staining clusters of cells
scattered among the darker-staining acinar cells (exocrine pancreas) that produce digestive
enzymes. Options B, C, and D are incorrect.
Question 5
Identify the structure indicated by the arrow on the brain model (small gland located inferior to
the hypothalamus, connected by the infundibulum).
A. Pineal gland
B. Pituitary gland [CORRECT]
C. Thalamus
,D. Midbrain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The pituitary gland (hypophysis) is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone,
inferior to the hypothalamus, and connected by the infundibulum (pituitary stalk). It has anterior
(adenohypophysis) and posterior (neurohypophysis) lobes. Pineal gland (A) is posterior to the
third ventricle. Thalamus (C) is superior to the hypothalamus. Midbrain (D) is part of the
brainstem.
Question 6
Which zone of the adrenal cortex produces aldosterone?
A. Zona glomerulosa [CORRECT]
B. Zona fasciculata
C. Zona reticularis
D. Adrenal medulla
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The zona glomerulosa (outermost layer of the adrenal cortex) produces aldosterone
(mineralocorticoid). Zona fasciculata (B) produces cortisol (glucocorticoid). Zona reticularis (C)
produces androgens. Adrenal medulla (D) produces catecholamines.
Question 7
On a histological slide of the parathyroid gland, the chief cells produce:
A. Calcitonin
B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) [CORRECT]
C. Thyroxine
D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chief (principal) cells of the parathyroid gland produce parathyroid hormone (PTH),
which increases blood calcium levels. Calcitonin (A) is produced by thyroid parafollicular cells.
Thyroxine (C) is produced by thyroid follicular cells. Epinephrine (D) is produced by the adrenal
medulla.
Question 8
, Identify the endocrine gland located in the mediastinum, posterior to the sternum, that is
important for T-cell maturation.
A. Thyroid gland
B. Parathyroid glands
C. Thymus [CORRECT]
D. Pineal gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The thymus is located in the superior mediastinum, posterior to the sternum and
anterior to the great vessels. It is the site of T-cell maturation and is most prominent in children.
Thyroid (A) is in the neck. Parathyroids (B) are on the thyroid. Pineal (D) is in the brain.
Question 9
The posterior pituitary stores and releases:
A. Growth hormone and prolactin
B. ACTH and TSH
C. ADH (vasopressin) and oxytocin [CORRECT]
D. FSH and LH
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) stores and releases antidiuretic hormone
(ADH/vasopressin) and oxytocin, which are produced in the hypothalamus. Options A, B, and D
are hormones produced by the anterior pituitary.
Question 10
On a histological slide, which endocrine tissue would show cells arranged in cords and clusters
with abundant sinusoidal capillaries?
A. Thyroid follicles
B. Adrenal cortex [CORRECT]
C. Pancreatic islets
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
