BIOS 252 Week 7 Lab Practicum Actual
Exam QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2026/2027 | Anatomy & Physiology II Lab
Practical | Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
Section 1: Endocrine System - Glands and Hormones
Questions 1-15
Question 1
Identify the structure indicated by the arrow on the endocrine model (located in the neck,
butterfly-shaped, anterior to the trachea).
A. Parathyroid glands
B. Thyroid gland [CORRECT]
C. Thymus
D. Submandibular gland
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located in the neck, anterior to
the trachea, inferior to the larynx. It secretes T3, T4, and calcitonin. Parathyroid glands (A) are
small glands embedded on the posterior surface of the thyroid. Thymus (C) is in the
mediastinum. Submandibular gland (D) is a salivary gland.
Question 2
On a histological slide of the thyroid gland, the follicular cells surround a space filled with:
A. Blood
B. Colloid [CORRECT]
C. Lymph
D. Adipose tissue
Correct Answer: B
,Rationale: Thyroid follicles are lined by follicular cells and are filled with colloid, a
proteinaceous fluid containing thyroglobulin, the precursor to thyroid hormones. Options A, C,
and D are incorrect.
Question 3
The adrenal medulla secretes:
A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone
C. Epinephrine and norepinephrine [CORRECT]
D. Androgens
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The adrenal medulla (inner part) secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
(catecholamines) in response to sympathetic stimulation. The adrenal cortex (outer part) secretes
cortisol (A), aldosterone (B), and androgens (D).
Question 4
On a pancreatic histology slide, the Islets of Langerhans appear as:
A. Clusters of pale-staining cells among darker acinar cells [CORRECT]
B. Ducts lined with columnar epithelium
C. Large blood vessels
D. Adipose tissue
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Islets of Langerhans (endocrine pancreas) appear as pale-staining clusters of cells
scattered among the darker-staining acinar cells (exocrine pancreas) that produce digestive
enzymes. Options B, C, and D are incorrect.
Question 5
Identify the small endocrine glands embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland on the
anatomical model.
A. Adrenal glands
B. Parathyroid glands [CORRECT]
C. Thyroid nodules
,D. Lymph nodes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The parathyroid glands are four small, pea-sized glands embedded in the posterior
surface of the thyroid gland. They secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates calcium
homeostasis. Adrenal glands (A) are located on the kidneys. Thyroid nodules (C) are abnormal
growths. Lymph nodes (D) are part of the immune system.
Question 6
The anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) is derived from embryonic tissue and secretes all
of the following EXCEPT:
A. Growth hormone (GH)
B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) [CORRECT]
D. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted by the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis),
which stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus. The anterior pituitary (A)
produces GH, (B) TSH, and (D) ACTH.
Question 7
On a histological slide of the adrenal gland, the zona glomerulosa (outermost cortical zone)
produces:
A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone [CORRECT]
C. Epinephrine
D. Androgens
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The adrenal cortex has three zones: zona glomerulosa (outermost) produces
aldosterone (mineralocorticoid), zona fasciculata (middle) produces cortisol (glucocorticoid), and
zona reticularis (innermost) produces androgens. Epinephrine (C) is produced by the medulla.
Question 8
, Identify the endocrine gland located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone on the cranial
model.
A. Pineal gland
B. Pituitary gland [CORRECT]
C. Hypothalamus
D. Thyroid gland
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The pituitary gland (hypophysis) sits in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone, inferior
to the hypothalamus. The pineal gland (A) is posterior to the third ventricle. The hypothalamus
(C) is superior to the pituitary. The thyroid (D) is in the neck.
Question 9
The thymus gland is located in the:
A. Neck, lateral to the thyroid
B. Mediastinum, posterior to the sternum [CORRECT]
C. Abdominal cavity, superior to the kidneys
D. Cranial cavity, superior to the pituitary
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The thymus is located in the anterior mediastinum, posterior to the sternum and
anterior to the great vessels. It is most prominent in children and involutes with age. It produces
thymosin for T-cell maturation.
Question 10
On a histology slide of the parathyroid gland, the chief (principal) cells are responsible for
producing:
A. Calcitonin
B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) [CORRECT]
C. Thyroxine
D. Growth hormone
Correct Answer: B
Exam QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2026/2027 | Anatomy & Physiology II Lab
Practical | Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
Section 1: Endocrine System - Glands and Hormones
Questions 1-15
Question 1
Identify the structure indicated by the arrow on the endocrine model (located in the neck,
butterfly-shaped, anterior to the trachea).
A. Parathyroid glands
B. Thyroid gland [CORRECT]
C. Thymus
D. Submandibular gland
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located in the neck, anterior to
the trachea, inferior to the larynx. It secretes T3, T4, and calcitonin. Parathyroid glands (A) are
small glands embedded on the posterior surface of the thyroid. Thymus (C) is in the
mediastinum. Submandibular gland (D) is a salivary gland.
Question 2
On a histological slide of the thyroid gland, the follicular cells surround a space filled with:
A. Blood
B. Colloid [CORRECT]
C. Lymph
D. Adipose tissue
Correct Answer: B
,Rationale: Thyroid follicles are lined by follicular cells and are filled with colloid, a
proteinaceous fluid containing thyroglobulin, the precursor to thyroid hormones. Options A, C,
and D are incorrect.
Question 3
The adrenal medulla secretes:
A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone
C. Epinephrine and norepinephrine [CORRECT]
D. Androgens
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The adrenal medulla (inner part) secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
(catecholamines) in response to sympathetic stimulation. The adrenal cortex (outer part) secretes
cortisol (A), aldosterone (B), and androgens (D).
Question 4
On a pancreatic histology slide, the Islets of Langerhans appear as:
A. Clusters of pale-staining cells among darker acinar cells [CORRECT]
B. Ducts lined with columnar epithelium
C. Large blood vessels
D. Adipose tissue
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Islets of Langerhans (endocrine pancreas) appear as pale-staining clusters of cells
scattered among the darker-staining acinar cells (exocrine pancreas) that produce digestive
enzymes. Options B, C, and D are incorrect.
Question 5
Identify the small endocrine glands embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland on the
anatomical model.
A. Adrenal glands
B. Parathyroid glands [CORRECT]
C. Thyroid nodules
,D. Lymph nodes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The parathyroid glands are four small, pea-sized glands embedded in the posterior
surface of the thyroid gland. They secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates calcium
homeostasis. Adrenal glands (A) are located on the kidneys. Thyroid nodules (C) are abnormal
growths. Lymph nodes (D) are part of the immune system.
Question 6
The anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) is derived from embryonic tissue and secretes all
of the following EXCEPT:
A. Growth hormone (GH)
B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) [CORRECT]
D. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted by the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis),
which stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus. The anterior pituitary (A)
produces GH, (B) TSH, and (D) ACTH.
Question 7
On a histological slide of the adrenal gland, the zona glomerulosa (outermost cortical zone)
produces:
A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone [CORRECT]
C. Epinephrine
D. Androgens
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The adrenal cortex has three zones: zona glomerulosa (outermost) produces
aldosterone (mineralocorticoid), zona fasciculata (middle) produces cortisol (glucocorticoid), and
zona reticularis (innermost) produces androgens. Epinephrine (C) is produced by the medulla.
Question 8
, Identify the endocrine gland located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone on the cranial
model.
A. Pineal gland
B. Pituitary gland [CORRECT]
C. Hypothalamus
D. Thyroid gland
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The pituitary gland (hypophysis) sits in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone, inferior
to the hypothalamus. The pineal gland (A) is posterior to the third ventricle. The hypothalamus
(C) is superior to the pituitary. The thyroid (D) is in the neck.
Question 9
The thymus gland is located in the:
A. Neck, lateral to the thyroid
B. Mediastinum, posterior to the sternum [CORRECT]
C. Abdominal cavity, superior to the kidneys
D. Cranial cavity, superior to the pituitary
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The thymus is located in the anterior mediastinum, posterior to the sternum and
anterior to the great vessels. It is most prominent in children and involutes with age. It produces
thymosin for T-cell maturation.
Question 10
On a histology slide of the parathyroid gland, the chief (principal) cells are responsible for
producing:
A. Calcitonin
B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) [CORRECT]
C. Thyroxine
D. Growth hormone
Correct Answer: B
