PALS 2025
[Document subtitle]
[DATE]
[COMPANY NAME]
[Company address]
,Certainly! Here are all the questions numbered along with their answers:
1. Conditions that [blank] air resistance lead to increased respiratory [blank].
**Answer:** Increased Effort
2. What are the signs of increased respiratory effort that can lead to fatigue & respiratory
failure?
**Answer:** Nasal flaring, Retractions, Head bobbing, Seesaw respirations
3. Determine the respiratory rate by counting the number of times the chest rises in [blank]
seconds & multiplying by [blank].
**Answer:** 30, 2
4. Tachypnea is often the first sign of respiratory [blank] in infants.
**Answer:** Distress
5. What do central chemoreceptors respond to?
**Answer:** Hydrogen ions in the cerebrospinal fluid
6. Why may excessive ventilation during CPR be harmful?
**Answer:** It impedes venous return, It increases intrathoracic pressure
7. What should you do if you cannot achieve effective ventilation with a bag-mask device?
**Answer:** Reposition the airway, Verify the mask size
8. How are effective oxygenation & ventilation assessed?
**Answer:** Oxygen saturation, Exhaled carbon dioxide, Visible chest rise w/ each breath
9. How can gastric inflation impair bag-mask ventilation?
, **Answer:** It decreases lung compliance
10. What is the most appropriate precautionary action to minimize gastric inflation during a
bag-mask ventilation?
**Answer:** Deliver each breath over about 1 second
11. Which is true about the difference between hypoxemia & tissue hypoxia?
**Answer:** Tissue hypoxia can occur with normal arterial oxygen saturation
12. What does hyperventilation, which refers to increased alveolar ventilation, result in?
**Answer:** PaCO2 less than 35 mm Hg
13. What happens to the arterial oxygen level in a child w/ severe anemia?
**Answer:** May increase when dissolved oxygen is increased
14. Which is true of increased carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood?
**Answer:** May be caused by disordered control of breathing
15. What happens when ventilation is inadequate?
**Answer:** PaCO2 increases
16. What is a critical symptom of hypercarbia?
**Answer:** Decreased level of consciousness
17. Which of the following indicates mild respiratory distress?
**Answer:** Mild increase in respiratory effort
18. Which of the following indicates severe respiratory distress?
[Document subtitle]
[DATE]
[COMPANY NAME]
[Company address]
,Certainly! Here are all the questions numbered along with their answers:
1. Conditions that [blank] air resistance lead to increased respiratory [blank].
**Answer:** Increased Effort
2. What are the signs of increased respiratory effort that can lead to fatigue & respiratory
failure?
**Answer:** Nasal flaring, Retractions, Head bobbing, Seesaw respirations
3. Determine the respiratory rate by counting the number of times the chest rises in [blank]
seconds & multiplying by [blank].
**Answer:** 30, 2
4. Tachypnea is often the first sign of respiratory [blank] in infants.
**Answer:** Distress
5. What do central chemoreceptors respond to?
**Answer:** Hydrogen ions in the cerebrospinal fluid
6. Why may excessive ventilation during CPR be harmful?
**Answer:** It impedes venous return, It increases intrathoracic pressure
7. What should you do if you cannot achieve effective ventilation with a bag-mask device?
**Answer:** Reposition the airway, Verify the mask size
8. How are effective oxygenation & ventilation assessed?
**Answer:** Oxygen saturation, Exhaled carbon dioxide, Visible chest rise w/ each breath
9. How can gastric inflation impair bag-mask ventilation?
, **Answer:** It decreases lung compliance
10. What is the most appropriate precautionary action to minimize gastric inflation during a
bag-mask ventilation?
**Answer:** Deliver each breath over about 1 second
11. Which is true about the difference between hypoxemia & tissue hypoxia?
**Answer:** Tissue hypoxia can occur with normal arterial oxygen saturation
12. What does hyperventilation, which refers to increased alveolar ventilation, result in?
**Answer:** PaCO2 less than 35 mm Hg
13. What happens to the arterial oxygen level in a child w/ severe anemia?
**Answer:** May increase when dissolved oxygen is increased
14. Which is true of increased carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood?
**Answer:** May be caused by disordered control of breathing
15. What happens when ventilation is inadequate?
**Answer:** PaCO2 increases
16. What is a critical symptom of hypercarbia?
**Answer:** Decreased level of consciousness
17. Which of the following indicates mild respiratory distress?
**Answer:** Mild increase in respiratory effort
18. Which of the following indicates severe respiratory distress?
