2026/2027 ADVANCE PRACTICE NURSING NUR 6111 EXAM 1 NEWEST QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS.
Na normal lab value - correct answer 135-145
K normal lab value - correct answer 3.5-5.0
Mg normal lab value - correct answer 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Calcium normal lab value - correct answer 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Abnormal signs and symptoms of K - correct answer excessive thirst, increased urination,
muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness, irregular heartbeat, constipation, abdominal cramping
Abnormal signs and symptoms of Mg - correct answer muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness,
abnormal heart rhythm, numbness/tingling, mental symptoms, insomnia
Acid-base buffer systems minimize pH changes by - correct answer converting a strong acid or
base to a weak one
Prematurity - correct answer baby born before 37 weeks gestation, causes: maternal age,
multiple pregnancies, uterine or cervical abnormalities, infections/chronic conditions. Clinical
findings of premature babies: low birth weight, jaundice, feeding difficulties
RDS (respiratory distress syndrome) - correct answer babies born before 28 weeks, caused by
lack of surfactant, characterized by shallow rapid breathing(grunting), males are more prone
, NEC (necrotizing enterocolitis) - correct answer babies born before 32 weeks, caused by damage
and inflammation to intestinal tissues, characterized by bloody stools and distended abdomen.
Risk factors: low birth weight, formula feedings
SIDS(sudden infant death syndrome) - correct answer common between 1-4 months of age,
most frequent death for child 2 weeks-1 year, can occur from sleeping on soft surface, occurs in
boys more often than girls
Prader-Willi Syndrome - correct answer Caused by a lack of genetic material in the 15 pair of
chromosomes. Usually inherited from the father. The leading genetic cause of obesity. The
degree of mental retardation varies, but is usually in the mild range. Students with Prader-Willi
syndrome can be rigid and oppositional. They do not respond well to sudden changes in their
routine. It can also result in low muscle tone, short stature, incomplete sexual development,
cognitive disabilities, problem behaviors, and a chronic feeling of hunger that can lead to
excessive eating and life-threatening obesity.
DiGeorge Syndrome - correct answer caused by missing piece of chromosome 22, affects the
heart, immune system, parathyroid glands, can be inherited from parents, DGS triad:
conotruncal cardiac anomalies, hypoplastic thymus, and hypocalcemia. can cause cleft lip,
hearing loss, learning difficulties
Function of IgA antibody - correct answer inhibit the passage of alien substances that attempt to
enter the circulatory system. mucosal immunity
function of IgE antibody - correct answer protect against parasitic invasions and supervise
allergic reactions
Function of IgG antibody - correct answer -Long-term immunity
-protection of newborns during the first 6 months of life
Function of IgM antibody - correct answer Activated complement system (classical pathway)
DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS.
Na normal lab value - correct answer 135-145
K normal lab value - correct answer 3.5-5.0
Mg normal lab value - correct answer 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Calcium normal lab value - correct answer 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Abnormal signs and symptoms of K - correct answer excessive thirst, increased urination,
muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness, irregular heartbeat, constipation, abdominal cramping
Abnormal signs and symptoms of Mg - correct answer muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness,
abnormal heart rhythm, numbness/tingling, mental symptoms, insomnia
Acid-base buffer systems minimize pH changes by - correct answer converting a strong acid or
base to a weak one
Prematurity - correct answer baby born before 37 weeks gestation, causes: maternal age,
multiple pregnancies, uterine or cervical abnormalities, infections/chronic conditions. Clinical
findings of premature babies: low birth weight, jaundice, feeding difficulties
RDS (respiratory distress syndrome) - correct answer babies born before 28 weeks, caused by
lack of surfactant, characterized by shallow rapid breathing(grunting), males are more prone
, NEC (necrotizing enterocolitis) - correct answer babies born before 32 weeks, caused by damage
and inflammation to intestinal tissues, characterized by bloody stools and distended abdomen.
Risk factors: low birth weight, formula feedings
SIDS(sudden infant death syndrome) - correct answer common between 1-4 months of age,
most frequent death for child 2 weeks-1 year, can occur from sleeping on soft surface, occurs in
boys more often than girls
Prader-Willi Syndrome - correct answer Caused by a lack of genetic material in the 15 pair of
chromosomes. Usually inherited from the father. The leading genetic cause of obesity. The
degree of mental retardation varies, but is usually in the mild range. Students with Prader-Willi
syndrome can be rigid and oppositional. They do not respond well to sudden changes in their
routine. It can also result in low muscle tone, short stature, incomplete sexual development,
cognitive disabilities, problem behaviors, and a chronic feeling of hunger that can lead to
excessive eating and life-threatening obesity.
DiGeorge Syndrome - correct answer caused by missing piece of chromosome 22, affects the
heart, immune system, parathyroid glands, can be inherited from parents, DGS triad:
conotruncal cardiac anomalies, hypoplastic thymus, and hypocalcemia. can cause cleft lip,
hearing loss, learning difficulties
Function of IgA antibody - correct answer inhibit the passage of alien substances that attempt to
enter the circulatory system. mucosal immunity
function of IgE antibody - correct answer protect against parasitic invasions and supervise
allergic reactions
Function of IgG antibody - correct answer -Long-term immunity
-protection of newborns during the first 6 months of life
Function of IgM antibody - correct answer Activated complement system (classical pathway)
