2026–2027 NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology Midterm – Practice Questions with Correct Answers

1|Page


NR565 /NR 565 Midterm Exam Study Guide (Latest 2025 UPDATED): Advanced Pharmacology
Fundamentals – Chamberlain ALL QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+ -
LATEST UPDATE 2026-2027




APRN prescribing role - CORRECT ANSWER Prescriptive
authority for nurse practitioners also regulates prescribing rights
beyond medications and controlled substances. These rights include
therapeutic devices and services and are outlined in state practice
laws and regulations and include Durable Medical Equipment (DME)
such as wheelchairs, power scooters, hospital beds, portable oxygen
equipment, handicap placards, etc. and medical services such as
Physical Therapy (PT), Occupational Therapy (OT), home health
services, etc. Prescriptive authority encompasses more than writing a
prescription correctly. It requires adherence to ethical guidelines to
ensure that patients are safeguarded from harm. Ethical prescribing
starts with being well-informed about medications. Mechanism of
action, efficacy, and safety are important considerations, as are a
patient's distinct needs and circumstances, including the number of
medications prescribed (Mitchell & Oliphant, 2016). Most patients
receiving a prescription are taking other medications, whether
prescription or over-the-counter. Appropriate selection, dosing, and
duration of pharmaceutical agents are key to maximizing outcomes
and minimizing adverse effects


QUESTION : benefits of full practice authority - CORRECT
ANSWER Nurse practitioners have the autonomy to evaluate
patients, diagnose, order and interpret tests, initiate and manage
treatments and prescribe medications, including controlled
substances without physician oversight




UPDATED exam 2026

,2|Page


QUESTION : promoting positive outcomes through prudent
prescribing practices - CORRECT ANSWER Administering
medications and prescribing medications are two distinct processes.
Prescription writing requires prudent and deliberate decision-making
processes to maintain patient safety and reduce liability, including:


*documentation of a provider-patient relationship for the recipient of
the prescribed medications


*documentation of a thorough history and physical examination for
the recipient


*documentation of discussions regarding risk factors, side effects, or
therapy options


*documentation of drug monitoring or titration plan, if applicable


*documentation of consultations, if any
avoidance of prescribing medications for self, family, or friends


Rational drug selection requires a logical approach that includes the
formulation of a diagnosis based on clinical reasoning and the
selection and monitoring of the most appropriate pharmacological
treatment


Considerations include: Cost, guidelines, availability, interactions,
side effects, allergies, hepatic/renal functions, need for monitoring, &
special populations




UPDATED exam 2026

,3|Page


QUESTION : Beer's Criteria - CORRECT ANSWER identifies
drugs with a high likelihood of causing adverse effects in older
adults. Accordingly, drugs on this list should generally be avoided in
adults older than 65 years except when the benefits are significantly
greater than the risks.


QUESTION : Pharmacodynamics - CORRECT ANSWER the study
of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs on the body and
the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are produced


QUESTION : Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER the study
of drug movement throughout the body


QUESTION : Pharmacogenomics - CORRECT ANSWER the
study of how genes affect a person's response to drugs. The purpose
of this is to combine the sciences of genomics and pharmacology to
provide individualized, targeted, safe drug therapies to patients


QUESTION : CYP450 inducers - CORRECT ANSWER Inducers
are xenobiotics (medications and environmental agents) that elevate
CYP450 enzyme activity by increasing enzyme synthesis. This action
leads to additional sites available for biotransformation. The
increased number of sites enhances medication metabolism,
decreasing the concentration of the "parent drug" while increasing
metabolite production.


Inducers = Increase medication metabolism


(Carbamazepine, Rifampin, Alcohol, Phenytoin, Griseofulvin,
Phenobarbital, Sulfonylureas)


UPDATED exam 2026

, 4|Page




QUESTION : CYP450 inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER Inhibitors
are medications that inhibit the metabolic activity of one or more of
the CYP450 enzymes. Medications that inhibit an enzyme potentially
slows that enzyme's activity or blocks the activity required for the
metabolism of other medications, thereby increasing the levels of
medications dependent on that particular enzyme for
biotransformation. Inhibitors = decrease medication metabolism
(Valproate, Isoniazid, Sulfonamides, Amiodarone, Chloramphenicol,
Ketoconazole, Grapefruit Juice, Quinidine)


QUESTION : cultural influences in prescribing - CORRECT
ANSWER The greatest concern surrounding race-based therapy
has to do with genetic variability. We know there is great diversity
within and among racial groups; therefore, a "one fits all" approach
based on race is unwise. Still, we can use known associations to
guide choices. For example, differences in metabolism between
people with East Asian and European heritage are common. The
provider can use this knowledge to guide initial dosing (with
adjustment, as indicated based on response) if genetic testing is not
feasible or warranted


QUESTION : Polypharmacy: Definition, challenges, and outcomes -
CORRECT ANSWER treatment with multiple drugs


greatly increases the risk for interactions. Some of these interactions
are negligible, but some can have life-threatening consequences. It is
of crucial importance to ask the patient about all current drugs,
including over-the-counter (OTC) medications and other herbal
preparations. Many patients do not consider OTC or alternative
pharmaceuticals as "medications" and may not mention them unless
you ask specifically.



UPDATED exam 2026