THE HUMAN BODY IN HEALTH &
DISEASE
8TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)KEVIN PATTON
TEST BANK
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to the body — Language of science (root
words & prefixes)
Question stem
A student sees the term “hepato-” on a lab report and must
communicate its meaning to peers. Which best explains how
using the prefix “hepato-” helps precise scientific
communication?
A. It names a disease process rather than a structure.
B. It identifies a general body region, avoiding organ specificity.
,C. It indicates the liver as the structure involved, improving
clarity.
D. It refers to cellular function but not to gross anatomy.
Correct answer
C
Rationales
Correct Option: Using the prefix “hepato-” specifies the liver,
which standardizes language and reduces ambiguity when
discussing structure-related findings.
Incorrect A: “Hepato-” denotes liver, not inherently a disease;
it’s structural/organ-based.
Incorrect B: It is organ-specific (liver), not merely a general
region.
Incorrect D: It refers to an organ (liver), not specifically to
cellular function.
Teaching point
Prefixes/root words standardize organ and structure
identification.
Citation
Patton, K. T. (2024). The Human Body in Health & Disease (8th
ed.). Ch. 1.
2.
,Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to the body — Language of medicine
(medical eponyms & terms)
Question stem
A clinician documents “palmar” and “plantar” in a chart. A
nursing student should recognize these terms refer to which
functional distinction?
A. Palmar — back of hand; Plantar — back of foot.
B. Palmar — front (palm) of hand; Plantar — sole of foot.
C. Palmar — fingers only; Plantar — toes only.
D. Palmar — wrist area; Plantar — ankle area.
Correct answer
B
Rationales
Correct Option: “Palmar” refers to the palm (anterior surface)
of the hand; “plantar” refers to the sole of the foot—both
describe surface anatomy for care and assessment.
Incorrect A: Those are posterior surfaces (dorsal), not
palmar/plantar.
Incorrect C: Terms apply to whole palmar/plantar surfaces, not
limited to digits.
Incorrect D: They do not denote wrist or ankle regions.
Teaching point
Surface terms (palmar/plantar) precisely locate anterior hand
and foot surfaces.
, Citation
Patton, K. T. (2024). The Human Body in Health & Disease (8th
ed.). Ch. 1.
3.
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to the body — Scientific method
(hypothesis & experimentation)
Question stem
A student hypothesizes that increasing extracellular Na⁺
concentration will change neuronal resting membrane
potential. Which experimental change best tests causality
rather than correlation?
A. Measure resting potential in neurons from different species
with varying Na⁺.
B. Add Na⁺ to the extracellular solution of cultured neurons and
measure resting potential.
C. Survey textbooks to find reported relationships between Na⁺
and membrane potential.
D. Observe neuronal activity in animals that naturally have high
Na⁺ diets.
Correct answer
B
Rationales
Correct Option: Directly manipulating extracellular Na⁺ and
DISEASE
8TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)KEVIN PATTON
TEST BANK
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to the body — Language of science (root
words & prefixes)
Question stem
A student sees the term “hepato-” on a lab report and must
communicate its meaning to peers. Which best explains how
using the prefix “hepato-” helps precise scientific
communication?
A. It names a disease process rather than a structure.
B. It identifies a general body region, avoiding organ specificity.
,C. It indicates the liver as the structure involved, improving
clarity.
D. It refers to cellular function but not to gross anatomy.
Correct answer
C
Rationales
Correct Option: Using the prefix “hepato-” specifies the liver,
which standardizes language and reduces ambiguity when
discussing structure-related findings.
Incorrect A: “Hepato-” denotes liver, not inherently a disease;
it’s structural/organ-based.
Incorrect B: It is organ-specific (liver), not merely a general
region.
Incorrect D: It refers to an organ (liver), not specifically to
cellular function.
Teaching point
Prefixes/root words standardize organ and structure
identification.
Citation
Patton, K. T. (2024). The Human Body in Health & Disease (8th
ed.). Ch. 1.
2.
,Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to the body — Language of medicine
(medical eponyms & terms)
Question stem
A clinician documents “palmar” and “plantar” in a chart. A
nursing student should recognize these terms refer to which
functional distinction?
A. Palmar — back of hand; Plantar — back of foot.
B. Palmar — front (palm) of hand; Plantar — sole of foot.
C. Palmar — fingers only; Plantar — toes only.
D. Palmar — wrist area; Plantar — ankle area.
Correct answer
B
Rationales
Correct Option: “Palmar” refers to the palm (anterior surface)
of the hand; “plantar” refers to the sole of the foot—both
describe surface anatomy for care and assessment.
Incorrect A: Those are posterior surfaces (dorsal), not
palmar/plantar.
Incorrect C: Terms apply to whole palmar/plantar surfaces, not
limited to digits.
Incorrect D: They do not denote wrist or ankle regions.
Teaching point
Surface terms (palmar/plantar) precisely locate anterior hand
and foot surfaces.
, Citation
Patton, K. T. (2024). The Human Body in Health & Disease (8th
ed.). Ch. 1.
3.
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to the body — Scientific method
(hypothesis & experimentation)
Question stem
A student hypothesizes that increasing extracellular Na⁺
concentration will change neuronal resting membrane
potential. Which experimental change best tests causality
rather than correlation?
A. Measure resting potential in neurons from different species
with varying Na⁺.
B. Add Na⁺ to the extracellular solution of cultured neurons and
measure resting potential.
C. Survey textbooks to find reported relationships between Na⁺
and membrane potential.
D. Observe neuronal activity in animals that naturally have high
Na⁺ diets.
Correct answer
B
Rationales
Correct Option: Directly manipulating extracellular Na⁺ and
