Psychology 101 Exam 1 - Indiana University | Latest
study set | Questions & Answers | 2026 Updates |
100% correct
Wilhem Wundt - ANSWER- Created the first psychology lab in 1879. He measured
observations and conducted experiments.
What is the difference between psychology and philosophy? - ANSWER- Philosophers
think. Psychologists think along with conducting research and experiments
Freudian Psychology - ANSWER- Emphasized ways unconscious thought processes and
emotional responses to childhood experiences affect later behavior
Structuralism - ANSWER- Used self-reflective introspection (looking inward) - Edward
Bradford Titchener
Functionalism - ANSWER- Used the evolved functions of our thoughts and feelings -
William James
Behaviorism - ANSWER- Defined psychology as "scientific study of observable behavior"
without reference to mental processes - John B. Watson (Classical Conditioning) and B.F. Skinner
(Operant Conditioning)
Cognitive Psychology - ANSWER- Scientifically explored ways in which information is
perceived, processed and remembered
Cognitive Neuroscience - ANSWER- Focuses on brain activity underlying mental activity
(Cognitive Psychology + Neuroscience)
Psychology - ANSWER- The science of behavior and mental processes
Behavior - ANSWER- Anything an organism does - any action we can observe and record
Mental Processes - ANSWER- The internal, subjective experiences we infer from behavior
- sensations, perceptions, dreams, thoughts, beliefs, and feelings.
Evolutionary Psychology - ANSWER- Focus on how humans are alike due to common
biology and evolution
, Behavior Genetics - ANSWER- Focus on differences related to differing genes and
environments
Cross-Cultural Psychology - ANSWER- Focus on cultural backgrounds shapes behavior, but
same underlying processes are universal
Gender Psychology - ANSWER- Focus on differences; males and females are
overwhelmingly similar
Nature-Nurture Issue - ANSWER- Controversy over the contributions that genes and
experiences make into the development of psychological traits and behaviors
Natural Selection - ANSWER- Principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations,
those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to future
generations
Culture - ANSWER- The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared
by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
Positive Psychology - ANSWER- the scientific study of human functioning, with the goals
of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities thrive
- Martin Seligman
Psychology's Three Main Levels of Influence - ANSWER- 1. Biological Influence
2. Psychological Influence
3. Social-Cultural Influence
Levels of Analysis - ANSWER- the differing complementary views, from biological to
psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon. All three influence each
other and contribute to the behavior or mental process.
Basic Research - ANSWER- Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge
base
Psychology Subfields - ANSWER- Biological, Developmental, Cognitive, Personality, Social,
Clinical (Biggest subfield in psychology by numbers), Counseling
Intuition - ANSWER- An effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted
with explicit, conscious reasoning
study set | Questions & Answers | 2026 Updates |
100% correct
Wilhem Wundt - ANSWER- Created the first psychology lab in 1879. He measured
observations and conducted experiments.
What is the difference between psychology and philosophy? - ANSWER- Philosophers
think. Psychologists think along with conducting research and experiments
Freudian Psychology - ANSWER- Emphasized ways unconscious thought processes and
emotional responses to childhood experiences affect later behavior
Structuralism - ANSWER- Used self-reflective introspection (looking inward) - Edward
Bradford Titchener
Functionalism - ANSWER- Used the evolved functions of our thoughts and feelings -
William James
Behaviorism - ANSWER- Defined psychology as "scientific study of observable behavior"
without reference to mental processes - John B. Watson (Classical Conditioning) and B.F. Skinner
(Operant Conditioning)
Cognitive Psychology - ANSWER- Scientifically explored ways in which information is
perceived, processed and remembered
Cognitive Neuroscience - ANSWER- Focuses on brain activity underlying mental activity
(Cognitive Psychology + Neuroscience)
Psychology - ANSWER- The science of behavior and mental processes
Behavior - ANSWER- Anything an organism does - any action we can observe and record
Mental Processes - ANSWER- The internal, subjective experiences we infer from behavior
- sensations, perceptions, dreams, thoughts, beliefs, and feelings.
Evolutionary Psychology - ANSWER- Focus on how humans are alike due to common
biology and evolution
, Behavior Genetics - ANSWER- Focus on differences related to differing genes and
environments
Cross-Cultural Psychology - ANSWER- Focus on cultural backgrounds shapes behavior, but
same underlying processes are universal
Gender Psychology - ANSWER- Focus on differences; males and females are
overwhelmingly similar
Nature-Nurture Issue - ANSWER- Controversy over the contributions that genes and
experiences make into the development of psychological traits and behaviors
Natural Selection - ANSWER- Principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations,
those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to future
generations
Culture - ANSWER- The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared
by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
Positive Psychology - ANSWER- the scientific study of human functioning, with the goals
of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities thrive
- Martin Seligman
Psychology's Three Main Levels of Influence - ANSWER- 1. Biological Influence
2. Psychological Influence
3. Social-Cultural Influence
Levels of Analysis - ANSWER- the differing complementary views, from biological to
psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon. All three influence each
other and contribute to the behavior or mental process.
Basic Research - ANSWER- Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge
base
Psychology Subfields - ANSWER- Biological, Developmental, Cognitive, Personality, Social,
Clinical (Biggest subfield in psychology by numbers), Counseling
Intuition - ANSWER- An effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted
with explicit, conscious reasoning
