NACC - PSW Exam Review Questions AND Correct Detailed ANSWERS (verified ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+

NACC - PSW ExAm REviEW QuEStioNS AND CoRRECt DEtAiLED ANSWERS (vERiFiED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ 1. Which law ensures that every citizen has access to health care? - ANSWER The Canada Health Act 2. The most pressing cause of health care reform has been: - ANSWER Rising costs of providing technology, drugs and services 3. Respiratory Therapy - ANSWER Support services provided through home care DO NOT include 4. Takes into account the whole person - ANSWER A holistic approach to health 5. People with strong emotional health do not show their emotions easily. - ANSWER Do people with strong emotional health show their emotions easily? 6. Appears suddenly and lasts a short time - ANSWER Acute Illness 7. This is not true of chronic illness - ANSWER People usually recover from chronic illness 8. A system that arranges human needs into categories - ANSWER Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs 9. the bill identifying human rights that are guaranteed to everyone in Canada; on every level and embedded in the Constitution of Canada - ANSWER Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms 10. in females, the area between the anus and the vagina - ANSWER perineum 11. Areas where two or more bones join together, allows body movement - ANSWER joints 12. striated and voluntary, appears striped under a microscope - ANSWER skeletal muscle 13. Liquid part of blood - ANSWER Plasma 14. part of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood to the body - ANSWER Left Ventricle 15. between the alveoli and capillaries - ANSWER Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged 16. Filter blood from the renal arteries and produce urine as waste - ANSWER Kidneys 17. male sex gland - ANSWER Testis 18. secretions from endocrine glands that help regulate bodily processes - ANSWER Hormones 19. protects the body from disease and infection - ANSWER immune system 20. Caused by or related to another disease or condition - ANSWER secondary dementia 21. form of dementia caused by a stroke or other restriction of the flow of blood to the brain - ANSWER Vascular dementia 22. False imprisonment - ANSWER an unlawful restraint or restrictions of a person's freedom of movement 23. Harassment - ANSWER troubling tormenting offending or worrying a person through one's behavior or comments 24. Autonomy - ANSWER also called self determination means having the freedom and choice to make decisions that affect one's life 25. Dependence - ANSWER the state of relying on others for support, being unable to manage without help 26. Interdependence - ANSWER the state of relying on one another 27. Independence - ANSWER The state of not relying on others for control or authority 28. Active listening - ANSWER means paying close attention to the clients verbal and nonverbal communication Face the client, make eye contact, lean toward the client, respond to the client, avoid communication barriers 29. Paraphrasing - ANSWER restating another persons message in your own words 30. Empathetic listening - ANSWER being intuitive to the speakers feelings 31. closed questions - ANSWER focuses on information that you need to learn that require a yes or no answer 32. open-ended questions - ANSWER Invites the person to share thoughts and feelings or ideas that must be more than a yes or no 33. Clarifying - ANSWER helps you make sure you understand what the person's messages 34. Focussing - ANSWER is limiting the conversation to a certain topic 35. Documentation - ANSWER the record of care you have given to the client and the observations you have made during the care also called charting. Nurses make a care plan you and health care team follow. 36. 24 hour clock - ANSWER is used to document care it uses a four digit number of time the first two digits are for the hour and the last two digits are for the minute 37. Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail - ANSWER integumentary system 38. microbial infection of any part of the urinary tract - ANSWER urinary tract infection 39. loss of kidney function resulting in its inability to remove waste products from the body and maintain electrolyte balance - ANSWER renal failure 40. things a person tells you about that you cannot observe through your senses; symptoms - ANSWER Subjective Data 41. used to record measurements and observations made three to four times per day. - ANSWER Graphic sheet 42. exchange of information - ANSWER Speaker to reciever 43. expressing ideas to others by using spoken words, NOT the truest reflection of a persons feelings. - ANSWER Verbal communication 44. Questions that can usually be answered with yes or no. - ANSWER Closed questions 45. When a person is rambling - ANSWER Focussing as a communication tool 46. Used to promote good communication - ANSWER Questions 47. difficulty understanding spoken or written words, language - ANSWER receptive aphasia 48. caused by brain injury - ANSWER apraxia of speech 49. difficulty forming words, slurred speech but can understand what is said. - ANSWER Dysarthria 50. Can cause problems relating to family and friends - ANSWER Speech and language disorders 51. disorder of inner ear causing vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss - ANSWER Meniere's disease 52. loneliness and isolation - ANSWER Not obvious hearing problems 53. check that it is turned on - ANSWER If the hearing aid is not working 54. the point farthest from the point of origin - ANSWER Distal 55. relating or located at or near the middle or midline of the body or body part - ANSWER medial 56. bathroom privileges - ANSWER BRP 57. At once, immediately - ANSWER STAT 58. the most common accident in all settings - ANSWER Falls 59. wipe up spills, use nightlights, encourage hand rails and grab bars, keep bed in lowest position - ANSWER Fall prevention 60. a device that serves as a guard or barrier along the side of the bed. Only use when supervisor and the care plan tell you to. - ANSWER Bed rails 61. turn off oxygen, move clients to a safe place. Close windows and doors. Do NOT use elevators. - ANSWER Fire alarm sounds 62. a physical or chemical way to restrict voluntary movement or behavior. Can not be used to make work easier. - ANSWER restraint 63. Check on the client and the position of the restraint every 15 minutes. Report a pulse in the restrained extremities. Must be able to slide an open hand between the restraint and the client. - ANSWER When a restraint is used 64. fever, nausea, rash, pain, swelling, redness. NOT bleeding. - ANSWER Signs of Infection 65. reduce the number of microbes - ANSWER Aseptic practices 66. Used for all clients - ANSWER Standard Precautions 67. For blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions, NOT sweat - ANSWER Gloves are worn 68. Having the head, trunk, arms, and legs aligned with one another. - ANSWER Good body alignment 69. four times a day - ANSWER qid 70. twice a day - ANSWER bid 71. Back injuries - ANSWER Support Workers at risk for 72. A force that opposes motion, skin rubbing on bed sheet - ANSWER Friction 73. Move the strong side first - ANSWER When transferring a client 74. bends the foot downward at the ankle. Use a foot board. - ANSWER Plantar flexion 75. rolled up towel or blanket, to control external rotation of the hip - ANSWER Trochanter Roll 76. The lack of joint mobility caused by abnormal shortening of a muscle - ANSWER Contracture 77. Bending the body part - ANSWER Flexion 78. the act of walking. Do not let client shuffle or slide after bed rest - ANSWER Ambulation 79. To be used on the strong side - ANSWER A single tip cane 80. honeymoon phase, tension building phase, abusive incident. Both men and women can be abused. - ANSWER Cycle of abuse 81. Do not touch the client - ANSWER Situation with an abusive client 82. stiff and sore joints - ANSWER Not a sign of physical abuse 83. intense fear of bathing or perineal care - ANSWER a potential sign of sexual abuse 84. stealing, taking advantage of, or threatening someone for financial gain - ANSWER financial abuse 85. Tell your supervisor - ANSWER When you suspect a client is being abused 86. Light housekeeping tasks - ANSWER Home management duties include 87. Use paper towel to dry hands - ANSWER When working in a clients kitchen 88. the many processes involved in the ingestion, digestion, absorption and use of foods and fluids by the body - ANSWER Nutrition 89. needed for tissue growth and repair - ANSWER Protein 90. indicates whether there is a little or a lot of a nutrient in a serving of food - ANSWER Daily Value 91. A condition in which the body is unable to produce enough insulin. Does not require a sodium restricted diet. - ANSWER Diabetes 92. A hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics - ANSWER Insulin 93. must eat the same amount of carbohydrates, protein and fat each day. - ANSWER Diabetic diet 94. The surgical placement of a feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly into the stomach. - ANSWER Gastronomy tube 95. cancer of the esophagus, surgery to the mouth, dysphasia - ANSWER Common reasons for tube feedings 96. difficulty speaking - ANSWER dysphasia 97. Freedom from discrimination, harassment. Equal treatment with respect to services and facilities, age, sex, ethnicity. Does not promote the right to vote - ANSWER Provincial Human Rights Codes 98. Must include information about the nature of the treatment, discuss potential risks and side effects, likely consequences of not having the treatment. Does not include reassurance that this is the best and only option. - ANSWER informed consent 99. careless neglect, often resulting in injury. Prison term is unlikely. - ANSWER Negligence 100. Intentional attempt or threat to touch a persons body without the persons consent. - ANSWER Assault 101. the illegal restraint of another person's movement - ANSWER False Imprisonment 102. preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience - ANSWER prejudice Self care activities that people perform to remain independant and function in society - ANSWER Activities of Daily Living Personal Support Worker - ANSWER Unregulated Health Care Provider An approach to work that demonstrates a respect for others, commitment, competence and appropriate behaviour - ANSWER Professionalism Work settings that provide acute care - ANSWER Hospitals Ask your supervisor - ANSWER What to do if you don't understand a care direction. Professional boundaries - ANSWER Maintaining respectful, appropriate relationships. After a client's death - ANSWER Follow the care plan and report to nurse. Respect confidentiality - ANSWER Unless it involves harm. Prevent the spread of infection - ANSWER Handwashing is the most effective method. Hand hygiene - ANSWER Should be performed before and after each client contact. Glaucoma - ANSWER an eye disease that causes pressure within the eye and vision loss Cataract - ANSWER clouding of the eyes ones Tinnitus - ANSWER ringing in the ear Vertigo - ANSWER dizziness Signs of high blood sugar (hyperglycaemia) are - ANSWER tiredness and fatigue hunger thirst frequent urination leg cramps blurred vision dry itchy skin flu like achiness sweet breath odour headache flushed face rapid weak pulse low blood pressure slow deep , laboured breathing confusion nausea ,vomiting convulsions loss of consciousness Signs of low blood sugar( hypoglycaemia )are - ANSWER hunger weakness trembling and shaking sweating headache dizziness fainting irritability confusion disorientation rapid pulse low blood pressure rapid slow breathing changes in vision cold clammy skin unconsciousness convulsions Cancer - ANSWER is defined as a group of diseases characterized by out-of control cell division and growth ,which can occur in many body Systems. Benign tumours - ANSWER are non-cancerous and grow within a localized area Malignant tumours - ANSWER are cancerous invade other tissues Metastasis - ANSWER is the spread of cancer to other body parts angina pectoris - ANSWER Chest pain caused by Ischemia , a lack of blood supply to the heart muscle which is usually caused by an obstruction or spasm of a coronary arteries. Hepatitis - ANSWER means inflammation of the liver Hepatitis A - ANSWER is spread by fecal - oral route. Transmitted when traces of feces are ingested through food and water Hepatitis B - ANSWER is present in the infected persons blood and in certain body fluids semen and vaginal secretions, it can be spread through sexual intercourse and sharing needles ,also by blood transfusions, and childbirth passed from mother to child and needle stick injuries or direct contact between open skin and infected blood or body fluids hepatitis B in 10 to 15% of cases can cause chronic hepatitis osteoporosis - ANSWER is a bone disorder in which the bones become porous and brittle meaning easy to break is common in older adults and post menopausal women PPE - ANSWER Personal Protective Equipment. Wear gloves - ANSWER When in contact with blood or bodily fluids. Sign of infection - ANSWER Fever and swelling. Check for injury and call for help - ANSWER The first thing to do when you find a client on the floor. Assist a falling client - ANSWER Ease them to the floor, protecting the head. service that provides a temporary break to family caregivers - ANSWER respite services older adults with limited care needs - ANSWER Residents in retirement facilities determined by the clients needs - ANSWER Membership of the healthcare team benefits of team approach to health care - ANSWER opportunity for collaboration evaluates a clients needs and coordinates the services of the health care in a community team - ANSWER Case manager You, and the RN are responsible - ANSWER Delegated task responsibility the emotional, behavioural, or physical response to an event or situation. Not influenced by gender. - ANSWER Stress When you respond in anger to someone who was not the person who angered you. - ANSWER Displacement Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Timely - ANSWER S.M.A.R.T duty to do no harm, provide a safe environment - ANSWER Non-maleficence self-government, respecting personal preferences - ANSWER Autonomy Provide central reference point on the clients health problems, needs and care for communication and to ensure everyone provides the same care. NOT to provide information that never changes. - ANSWER Function of the Care Plan lack of oxygen in the cells - ANSWER Hypoxia ability to breathe only in an upright position - ANSWER Orthopnea right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, right time - ANSWER 5 rights of medication administration basic unit of body structure - ANSWER Cell Outer layer of skin - ANSWER Epidermis 206 bones - ANSWER How many bones in the body 3: Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous - ANSWER Layers of skin Under voluntary control - ANSWER Skeletal muscles place for the highest functions of the brain - ANSWER Cerebral cortex the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing - ANSWER Medulla carry blood away from the heart - ANSWER Arteries Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart - ANSWER Veins duodenum, jejunum, ileum. where most food absorption takes place. - ANSWER small intestine to prevent death and prevent injuries from becoming worse - ANSWER Goal of first aid loosen tight clothing, keep person quiet and warm, position on unaffected side. - ANSWER During a stroke before meals - ANSWER a.c anchors, connects and supports other body tissues - ANSWER connective tissue the substance in red blood cells that carries oxygen and gives blood its red color - ANSWER hemoglobin steady state or stable internal environment maintained when the organs all work together - ANSWER homeostasis the process of chewing - ANSWER mastication Breathing fluid, food, vomitus, or an object into the lungs. Major complication of nasogastric or naso-intestinal tubes. - ANSWER Aspiration Restore to normal life. Often slower for older adults. - ANSWER rehabilitation therapist who treats with exercises and other physical treatments to restore strength and balance - ANSWER physiotherapist addresses the whole person - ANSWER Rehabilitation process Dignity, independence, preference, privacy, safety - ANSWER DIPPS Collecting information about the client - ANSWER Assessment involves Aphasia - ANSWER partial or complete loss of speech and language skills caused by brain injury Dysphasia - ANSWER difficulty swallowing Paraplegia - ANSWER paralysis from the waist down Quadriplegia - ANSWER paralysis of all four limbs and trunk paralysis from the neck down How to properly feed and PSW considerations - ANSWER Always use spoons not forks ,sit facing the client so that you can see any signs of choking or problems with eating ,chewing and swallowing ,attempt to stimulate the client by gently stroking the cheek, and addressing the client by name ,assist them before they go to the dining room with oral hygiene, elimination and hand washing, change clothing for comfort, provide and make sure dentures ,eye glasses and hearing aids are in place , and have them sit in a comfortable position when eating Changes in older adults that occur with ageing - ANSWER normal ageing does not mean loss of health , Physical changes that occur during the ageing process to the nerve nervous system ,circulatory system ,respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system, reproductive systems ,muscular skeletal system, and integumentary system Bathing nursing considerations - ANSWER Nursing considerations for bathing are follow standard practices, make sure the temperature of the water is between 43.3 and 46.1, provide privacy ,look for observations of the skin ,always pat skin dry, pay extra attention to under the breast between the skin folds ,the Peri area ,in between fingers and toes for drying ,properly use good body mechanics, encourage the client to help as much as possible, always wash from the cleanest to the dirtiest oral care nursing considerations - ANSWER Nursing considerations for brushing teeth for oral care provide comfort ,always wear gloves ,brush teeth twice a day, gentle strokes, use mouthwash ,small amounts of toothpaste ,look for dry, cracked and swollen lips, bleeding and swelling of the gums, pain and discomfort Normal ranges for body temperature - ANSWER by mouth 37 is an average , normal range is 36 to 37.5 , normal range by ear 37.4 is average ,normal range is 35.8 to 38, under the arm 36.5 average normal range is 34.7 to 37.3 always add .5 to the normal range , rectal temperature normal average range is 37.5 normal range is 35.5 to 38 oral temperature - ANSWER 37 is an average , normal range is 36 to 37.5 , rectal temperature - ANSWER 37.5 normal range is 35.5 to 38 auxiliary temperature - ANSWER 36.5 average normal range is 34.7 to 37.3 always add .5 to the normal range , tympanic temperature - ANSWER 37.4 is average ,normal range is 35.8 to 38, Pulse normal ranges - ANSWER adult 60 to 100 bpm , infant 120 to 160 per minute, toddler 90 to 140 , preschooler 80 to 110, school-age to 75 to 100 ,and adolescent is the same as adult to 60 to 100 normal respiratory rate - ANSWER newborn 30 to 60, infant 25 to 50 , toddler 25 to 32, child in preadolescence 20 to 30, adolescent 16 to 19 ,and adult 12 to 20 per minute blood pressure - ANSWER systolic pressure for normal range between 100 -140 , diastolic pressure normal range is between 60 and 90 Care planning - ANSWER is done by nurse or in the community by the case manager planning involves establishing priorities and goals .to establish priorities they may use the Maslow's hierarchy of needs ,the care plan has several important functions it lists the care and services the client must receive, it ensures that each care provider uses the same methods ,and ensures that the clients care is consistent, and enables the healthcare team to effectively communicate details about clients care Role of a PSW in rehabilitation - ANSWER Your role is assist with personal care in ROM exercises, assist with household management ,assist with eating ,help with physiotherapy exercises ,provide input to case conferences, and changes in care and any concerns for the client ,you're there to help with the rehabilitation plan for a client ,for them to restore function to normal levels , improve function of abilities ,to learn new skills , to prevent further disability or illnesses Prosthesis - ANSWER artificial replacements for missing body parts Orthosis - ANSWER A brace or other such device to help aid in alignment Splint - ANSWER used to keep wrist , thumbs ,fingers in normal position ,usually secured in place with Velcro ,some have foam padding Growth - ANSWER increase in physical size and weight that occurs in slow and steady manner Development - ANSWER the maturation towards adult hood usually characterized by physical changes and increased ability and functionality Dementia - ANSWER the general term that describes the progressive loss of brain function which include cognitive and social functions it is not a simple disease but a group of illnesses that involve memory , behavior , learning and communication sundowning - ANSWER A condition in which the signs and symptoms and behaviors of dementia increase at bedtime or during hours of darkness a health problem that can be treated by nursing measures. - ANSWER Nursing diagnosis head of the bed is lowered, foot of the bed is raised - ANSWER Trendelenburg position lying on left side with right knee drawn up and with left arm drawn behind, parallel to the back - ANSWER Sims position a semi-sitting position; the head of the bed is raised between 45 and 60 degrees - ANSWER Fowler's position the head of the bed is raised 30 degrees - ANSWER Semi-Fowler's Position 40.5 degrees (105F) - ANSWER water temperature for bed bath hair loss - ANSWER alopecia reduce swelling in legs, prevent blood clots, exert pressure on the veins. - ANSWER Elastic stockings pain that spreads out from an area - ANSWER Radiation pain 30 minutes - ANSWER Amount of time between medication and procedure As often as they need too. - ANSWER How often should a client who tires easily rest? dying alone - ANSWER Adults of all ages often fear Services for all people with a progressive and life threatening illness that relieves and reduces uncomfortable symptoms - ANSWER Palliative care hearing - ANSWER The last sense to be lost as death approaches do not resuscitate, including no CPR - ANSWER DNR care of the body after the body has been pronounced dead - ANSWER Post mortem care red vaginal discharge after childbirth - ANSWER Lochia caused by cesarian delivery - ANSWER abdominal incision pain and inflammation of the breast - ANSWER mastitis lay them on their backs. Do not use pillows. - ANSWER When infants are placed for sleep given at every diaper change - ANSWER Cord and circumcision care can occur before birth, at birth, or during childhood or adolescents. Permanent. - ANSWER developmental disability impaired ability to learn - ANSWER intellectual disability HOLISTIC CARE - ANSWER HOLISTIC CARE/HEALTH IS CARING FOR THE WHOLE PERSON ( PHYSICAL, EMOTIONAL, SOCIAL, INTELLECTUAL, SPIRITUAL) A STATE OF WELL-BEING IN ALL DIMENSIONS OF ONE'S LIFE PROFESSIONALISM - ANSWER is an approach to work that demonstrates respect for others ,commitment competence and appropriate behavior. PROFESSIONAL BOUNDARIES - ANSWER appropriate limitations on behavior meant to protect the vulnerable client from the caregiver who has access to private knowledge about him or her. EXPLAIN THE REGULATION OF A PSW - ANSWER PSW's work under a regulated healthcare provider. You must follow and know the scope of practice. Never act beyond the legal limits of your role. THE REGULATED HEALTH PROFESSIONS ACT - ANSWER Health regulatory colleges are responsible for ensuring that regulated health professionals provide health services in a safe, professional and ethical manner. This includes, among other things, setting standards of practice for the profession and investigating complaints about members of the profession and, where appropriate, disciplining them. the HPA also lists the tasks that can be delegated to PSW ROLE OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPIST - ANSWER focuses on the rehabilitation and teaches clients skills needed to perform ADLs, designs adaptive equipment for ADLs, they are regulated ROLE OF PHYSICAL THERAPIST - ANSWER focuses on rehabilitation, assist clients with muscular-skeletal impairments, focuses on restoring function and preventing disability from illness also they are regulated. ROLE OF RN - ANSWER Assesses, makes nursing diagnosis, plans, implements, and evaluates nursing care, tends to clients who have unstable health conditions provides direct client care and administers medication supervisors support workers, they are regulated ROLE OF RPN - ANSWER assesses, makes nursing diagnoses, plans, implements and evaluates nursing care, tends to clients who have stable health conditions provides direct client care, administers medications and supervisors