FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
12TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)FREDERIC H. MARTINI;
JUDI L. NATH; EDWIN F.
BARTHOLOMEW
TEST BANK
MCQ 1
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to A&P — Levels of Organization
Question Stem
A student observes that damage to cellular membranes in
muscle tissue leads to impaired movement at the organismal
level. The instructor explains that this illustrates how biological
systems are organized hierarchically. Which interpretation best
explains this observation?
,Options
A. Cellular dysfunction disrupts tissue performance and system-
level coordination
B. Organ systems function independently of cellular structure
C. Tissue organization compensates fully for cellular injury
D. Organismal regulation bypasses lower structural levels
Correct Answer
A
Rationales
Correct:
Biological organization proceeds from cells to tissues, organs,
systems, and the organism. Damage at the cellular level
compromises tissue integrity and organ function. Muscle
contraction depends on intact membranes for ion exchange.
This illustrates upward dependency within hierarchical
organization.
Incorrect:
B: Organ systems rely on cellular function and cannot operate
independently.
C: Compensation is limited and cannot fully override cellular
dysfunction.
D: Regulation depends on lower-level structural integrity.
Teaching Point
,Lower-level structural failure disrupts higher-level physiological
integration.
Citation
Martini et al. (2024). Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology
(12th ed.). Ch. 1.
MCQ 2
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to A&P — Homeostasis
Question Stem
During a lab exercise, students simulate temperature regulation
using feedback models. When the “sensor” fails, the system
cannot stabilize temperature. Which principle of homeostasis
does this best demonstrate?
Options
A. Effectors function independently of receptors
B. Feedback loops require accurate detection of change
C. Control centers override environmental inputs
D. Homeostasis eliminates physiological variation
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
, Correct:
Homeostatic regulation depends on receptors detecting
deviation from set points. Without accurate sensing, corrective
responses cannot occur. This disrupts negative feedback.
Effective regulation requires intact sensory input.
Incorrect:
A: Effectors depend on receptor input.
C: Control centers integrate, not override, inputs.
D: Variation is normal and necessary.
Teaching Point
Accurate receptors are essential for functional feedback
regulation.
Citation
Martini et al. (2024). Ch. 1.
MCQ 3
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to A&P — Anatomical Terminology
Question Stem
While analyzing an injury report, a student notes that a wound
is described as “proximal and medial.” Another student
struggles to visualize the location. Which strategy best supports
accurate interpretation?
PHYSIOLOGY
12TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)FREDERIC H. MARTINI;
JUDI L. NATH; EDWIN F.
BARTHOLOMEW
TEST BANK
MCQ 1
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to A&P — Levels of Organization
Question Stem
A student observes that damage to cellular membranes in
muscle tissue leads to impaired movement at the organismal
level. The instructor explains that this illustrates how biological
systems are organized hierarchically. Which interpretation best
explains this observation?
,Options
A. Cellular dysfunction disrupts tissue performance and system-
level coordination
B. Organ systems function independently of cellular structure
C. Tissue organization compensates fully for cellular injury
D. Organismal regulation bypasses lower structural levels
Correct Answer
A
Rationales
Correct:
Biological organization proceeds from cells to tissues, organs,
systems, and the organism. Damage at the cellular level
compromises tissue integrity and organ function. Muscle
contraction depends on intact membranes for ion exchange.
This illustrates upward dependency within hierarchical
organization.
Incorrect:
B: Organ systems rely on cellular function and cannot operate
independently.
C: Compensation is limited and cannot fully override cellular
dysfunction.
D: Regulation depends on lower-level structural integrity.
Teaching Point
,Lower-level structural failure disrupts higher-level physiological
integration.
Citation
Martini et al. (2024). Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology
(12th ed.). Ch. 1.
MCQ 2
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to A&P — Homeostasis
Question Stem
During a lab exercise, students simulate temperature regulation
using feedback models. When the “sensor” fails, the system
cannot stabilize temperature. Which principle of homeostasis
does this best demonstrate?
Options
A. Effectors function independently of receptors
B. Feedback loops require accurate detection of change
C. Control centers override environmental inputs
D. Homeostasis eliminates physiological variation
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
, Correct:
Homeostatic regulation depends on receptors detecting
deviation from set points. Without accurate sensing, corrective
responses cannot occur. This disrupts negative feedback.
Effective regulation requires intact sensory input.
Incorrect:
A: Effectors depend on receptor input.
C: Control centers integrate, not override, inputs.
D: Variation is normal and necessary.
Teaching Point
Accurate receptors are essential for functional feedback
regulation.
Citation
Martini et al. (2024). Ch. 1.
MCQ 3
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to A&P — Anatomical Terminology
Question Stem
While analyzing an injury report, a student notes that a wound
is described as “proximal and medial.” Another student
struggles to visualize the location. Which strategy best supports
accurate interpretation?
