NU 136 GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING
EXAM 5 FINAL EXAMINATION TEST PAPER
2026 FULL ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ what are the characteristics of arterial ulcers. Answer: -severe pain
-minimal drainage
-decreased temperature
-absent or diminished pulses
-cyanosis
-thickened toenails
-gangrene
⩥ what are the locations for venous ulcers. Answer: -medial lower leg
-ankle
-superior to medial melleolus
-seldom, if ever noted on the foot or above the knee
⩥ what are the characteristics of venous ulcers. Answer: -moderate to
large amount of drainage
-pain levels vary
-ankle flare
-lipodermatosclerosis (hard fibrous of surrounding tissue)
,-dialated superficial veins
⩥ what are the location for neuropathic (Diabetic) ulcers. Answer: -
plantar aspect of foot
-over metatarsal heads
-under heel
⩥ what are the characteristics for neuropathic ulcers. Answer: -low to
moderate drainage
-foot deformities
-deminished or absent sensation in foot
-palpable pulses
-osteomyelitis
-usually painless
⩥ what are the phases of wound healing. Answer: hemostatis
inflammation
proliferation
maturation
⩥ what phase is the hemostasis. Answer: phase 1 -the immediate
response the body initiates to heal (blood clotting)
,⩥ what phase is the inflammation. Answer: phase 2 - begins
immediately and last 4-5 days, it is the protective response (heat, pain,
edema) wbc & macrophages migrate to the wound & begin the repair
⩥ what phase is the proliferation. Answer: phase 3 - reconstructive phase
- begins on 3rd or 4th day and lasts 2-3 weeks
⩥ what phase is the maturation phase. Answer: phase 4 - final
phase/remodeling phase - scar maturation, scar slowly thins and
becomes paler - begins about 3 weeks after injury and can last up to 2
years
⩥ what factors affect wound healing. Answer: -age
-nutrition (protein/fluid needed for healing)
-medications (heparin, steroids, antineoplastics interfere
w/healing
-Infection (slows healing) chronic illness (COPD, DM, CV)
slows wound healing due to lack of oxygen & nutrients at
the cellular level
-lifestyle (regular exercise)
-decreased immune system
-decreased liver function
, ⩥ what is first intention (Primary). Answer: little tissue loss - edges of
wound approximate and only a slight chance of infection
⩥ what is second intention. Answer: a wound with tissue loss - edges of
wound do not approximate;wound left open & fills with scar tissue
⩥ what is third intention (Tertiary). Answer: occurs when there is
delayed suturing of a wound/wound sutured after granulation tissue
begins to form. (Healing.)
⩥ what are the closed wounds and characteristics. Answer: -contusion
(bruise w/out breaking skin)
-hematoma (pooling of blood under unbroken skin)
-sprain (twisting of a joint)
⩥ what are the open wounds and characteristics. Answer: -incision
(surgically made separation of tissues w/clean
even edges)
-laceration (traumatic separation of tissue)
-abrasion (traumatic scraping)
-penetrating (bullet/metal)
-avulsion (tearing away)
-ulceration (excavation of skin
-perforation (internal organ/cavity)
EXAM 5 FINAL EXAMINATION TEST PAPER
2026 FULL ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ what are the characteristics of arterial ulcers. Answer: -severe pain
-minimal drainage
-decreased temperature
-absent or diminished pulses
-cyanosis
-thickened toenails
-gangrene
⩥ what are the locations for venous ulcers. Answer: -medial lower leg
-ankle
-superior to medial melleolus
-seldom, if ever noted on the foot or above the knee
⩥ what are the characteristics of venous ulcers. Answer: -moderate to
large amount of drainage
-pain levels vary
-ankle flare
-lipodermatosclerosis (hard fibrous of surrounding tissue)
,-dialated superficial veins
⩥ what are the location for neuropathic (Diabetic) ulcers. Answer: -
plantar aspect of foot
-over metatarsal heads
-under heel
⩥ what are the characteristics for neuropathic ulcers. Answer: -low to
moderate drainage
-foot deformities
-deminished or absent sensation in foot
-palpable pulses
-osteomyelitis
-usually painless
⩥ what are the phases of wound healing. Answer: hemostatis
inflammation
proliferation
maturation
⩥ what phase is the hemostasis. Answer: phase 1 -the immediate
response the body initiates to heal (blood clotting)
,⩥ what phase is the inflammation. Answer: phase 2 - begins
immediately and last 4-5 days, it is the protective response (heat, pain,
edema) wbc & macrophages migrate to the wound & begin the repair
⩥ what phase is the proliferation. Answer: phase 3 - reconstructive phase
- begins on 3rd or 4th day and lasts 2-3 weeks
⩥ what phase is the maturation phase. Answer: phase 4 - final
phase/remodeling phase - scar maturation, scar slowly thins and
becomes paler - begins about 3 weeks after injury and can last up to 2
years
⩥ what factors affect wound healing. Answer: -age
-nutrition (protein/fluid needed for healing)
-medications (heparin, steroids, antineoplastics interfere
w/healing
-Infection (slows healing) chronic illness (COPD, DM, CV)
slows wound healing due to lack of oxygen & nutrients at
the cellular level
-lifestyle (regular exercise)
-decreased immune system
-decreased liver function
, ⩥ what is first intention (Primary). Answer: little tissue loss - edges of
wound approximate and only a slight chance of infection
⩥ what is second intention. Answer: a wound with tissue loss - edges of
wound do not approximate;wound left open & fills with scar tissue
⩥ what is third intention (Tertiary). Answer: occurs when there is
delayed suturing of a wound/wound sutured after granulation tissue
begins to form. (Healing.)
⩥ what are the closed wounds and characteristics. Answer: -contusion
(bruise w/out breaking skin)
-hematoma (pooling of blood under unbroken skin)
-sprain (twisting of a joint)
⩥ what are the open wounds and characteristics. Answer: -incision
(surgically made separation of tissues w/clean
even edges)
-laceration (traumatic separation of tissue)
-abrasion (traumatic scraping)
-penetrating (bullet/metal)
-avulsion (tearing away)
-ulceration (excavation of skin
-perforation (internal organ/cavity)
