PLTW Principles of Biomedical
Sciences- Semester 2 Final Exam
Review Questions & Answers13
Why do we need so many muscles in our hands, wrists, and arms? - ANSWERS-hands are the
most frequently used body part that also has the most variety of uses; because we can/need to
do so many things with our hands, they have many more joints and muscles than other parts of
our bodies
What organ systems work together to move your arm, your wrist, and your fingers? - ANSWERS-
cardiovascular, respiratory, circulatory, nervous, digestive, skeletal, etc
What are some factors that make design of a prosthetic limb for human use a difficult task? -
ANSWERS-there are so many joints, bones, and muscles in our limbs that have very specific
movements and therefore very varying functions; reproducing that is very hard without a
central nervous control system
How have prosthetic limbs changed throughout history? - ANSWERS-before they used to be
made out of wood, metal, leather, etc; now they are much more mechanical, with high-tech
metal, even plastic parts that work together to create movements that can be more helpful;
there are even prosthetics (prototypes) that can receive signals from the brain of the patient
How have myoelectric control and targeted muscle reinnervation revolutionized prosthetic limb
technology? - ANSWERS-now, the patient can obtain a prosthetic that acts like an actual limb
that moves the way that the brain would tell a normal limb to move
Explain how myoelectric arms are controlled by the patient. - ANSWERS-an electrically-powered
prosthesis uses rechargeable battery to power small electric motors that move the prosthetic;
when a muscle is contracted a small electrical signal (EMG) is created by a chemical interaction
in the body; an electrode is attached to the surface of the skin to record the EMG signal; once
, recorded, the signal is amplified, then processed by a controller that switches the motors on or
off to produce movement
Describe soft tissue - ANSWERS-Soft tissues are the tissues that connect, support,
and surround other structures and organs of the
body, not being bone.
What are some examples of soft tissue in the body? - ANSWERS-tendons, ligaments, fascia, skin,
fibrous tissues, fat, synovial membranes (connective tissues), muscles, nerves, and blood
vessels.
Which soft tissue connects bone to bone? - ANSWERS-ligament
What is muscle?
(a characteristic that makes muscle muscle) - ANSWERS-tissue that when stimulated contracts
and produces movement
Which soft tissue connects muscle to bone? - ANSWERS-tendon
What is a soft tissue injury? - ANSWERS-damage of skin, muscles, ligaments, and tendons
throughout the body
What are the most common causes of a soft tissue injury? - ANSWERS-sprain, strain, blow
resulting in contusion, overuse of particular body part
What are the 5 signs of inflammation? - ANSWERS-R-redness
H-heat
S-swelling
Sciences- Semester 2 Final Exam
Review Questions & Answers13
Why do we need so many muscles in our hands, wrists, and arms? - ANSWERS-hands are the
most frequently used body part that also has the most variety of uses; because we can/need to
do so many things with our hands, they have many more joints and muscles than other parts of
our bodies
What organ systems work together to move your arm, your wrist, and your fingers? - ANSWERS-
cardiovascular, respiratory, circulatory, nervous, digestive, skeletal, etc
What are some factors that make design of a prosthetic limb for human use a difficult task? -
ANSWERS-there are so many joints, bones, and muscles in our limbs that have very specific
movements and therefore very varying functions; reproducing that is very hard without a
central nervous control system
How have prosthetic limbs changed throughout history? - ANSWERS-before they used to be
made out of wood, metal, leather, etc; now they are much more mechanical, with high-tech
metal, even plastic parts that work together to create movements that can be more helpful;
there are even prosthetics (prototypes) that can receive signals from the brain of the patient
How have myoelectric control and targeted muscle reinnervation revolutionized prosthetic limb
technology? - ANSWERS-now, the patient can obtain a prosthetic that acts like an actual limb
that moves the way that the brain would tell a normal limb to move
Explain how myoelectric arms are controlled by the patient. - ANSWERS-an electrically-powered
prosthesis uses rechargeable battery to power small electric motors that move the prosthetic;
when a muscle is contracted a small electrical signal (EMG) is created by a chemical interaction
in the body; an electrode is attached to the surface of the skin to record the EMG signal; once
, recorded, the signal is amplified, then processed by a controller that switches the motors on or
off to produce movement
Describe soft tissue - ANSWERS-Soft tissues are the tissues that connect, support,
and surround other structures and organs of the
body, not being bone.
What are some examples of soft tissue in the body? - ANSWERS-tendons, ligaments, fascia, skin,
fibrous tissues, fat, synovial membranes (connective tissues), muscles, nerves, and blood
vessels.
Which soft tissue connects bone to bone? - ANSWERS-ligament
What is muscle?
(a characteristic that makes muscle muscle) - ANSWERS-tissue that when stimulated contracts
and produces movement
Which soft tissue connects muscle to bone? - ANSWERS-tendon
What is a soft tissue injury? - ANSWERS-damage of skin, muscles, ligaments, and tendons
throughout the body
What are the most common causes of a soft tissue injury? - ANSWERS-sprain, strain, blow
resulting in contusion, overuse of particular body part
What are the 5 signs of inflammation? - ANSWERS-R-redness
H-heat
S-swelling
