Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (MED402) | 10+ Q&As on ARDS, Pneumothorax, ABGs, Mechanical Ventilation

This document presents over 10 exam-relevant questions and expert-verified answers focused on Key Concepts in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine for the MED402 course. It serves as a concise yet comprehensive review tool, specifically designed to support clinical understanding of high-priority respiratory emergencies and interventions. Key topics include tension pneumothorax, its treatment through needle decompression or chest tube insertion, and the purpose of mechanical ventilation and bronchoscopy. Students are also introduced to ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome), pleural effusion, and the importance of ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) analysis in monitoring acid-base and respiratory status. The document further covers critical pharmacological interventions such as Warfarin and Heparin in the prevention of pulmonary embolism, and concludes with an overview of MODS (Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome) in critical care settings. This resource is ideal for: Medical students (Years 3–6) reviewing core concepts in pulmonary pathology Nursing and respiratory therapy students studying ICU-level care PA and NP students preparing for board or clinical exams Final-year MBBS students or IMGs revising for Step 2/PLAB/OSCE-style assessments It is structured for rapid learning and practical clinical application, aligned with modern exam formats. Keywords: pneumothorax, ARDS, chest tube, ABG, mechanical ventilation, pleural effusion, bronchoscopy, anticoagulants, Warfarin, Heparin, MODS, critical care, pulmonary embolism, tension pneumothorax, respiratory failure