NUR 280: THE CELL, IMMOBILITY, AND OBESITY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2025/2026.

NUR 280: THE CELL, IMMOBILITY, AND
OBESITY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2025/2026.




Plasma membrane - ANS Barrier from the external environment

Protects internal organelles

Semipermeable which selectively allows substances in and out.

Many medications disrupt the plasma membrane.



Glycoproteins - ANS On top of plasma membrane.

Surface makers

Antigen



sodium-potassium pump - ANS Within the wall of the plasma membrane

Pushes sodium and potassium in and out of cell.

Need to have energy for pump to work.



Pump working= Sodium ions in higher concentrations outside

Pump working=Potassium ions higher concentrations inside the cell

Switch when the pump isn't working


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, Sodium potassium pump broken.... - ANS Does not allow for contraction of muscles which
can cause heart attack.



Sodium ions when pump working - ANS Sodium ions higher concentration outside of cell



Potassium ions when pump is working - ANS Potassium ions higher concentration inside the
cell



Mitochondria - ANS Cells energy producer

Aerobic metabolism requires oxygen

Cellular hypoxia= anaerobic metabolism (glycolysis)

Unique distinctive DNA

Subject to damage by free radicals

If not enough oxygen then mitochondria will not make enough energy and will stop working.



Rough Endoplasmic reticulum - ANS Network of tubules which acts as a transport system

Plays a big role in cancer, obesity, and diabetes



Ribosomes - ANS Makes proteins

Hypoxia causes decreased protein synthesis

Ribosomes make RNA, not DNA

Can cause thyroid issues with a lack of proteins

Translation occurs in the ribosomes and reproduces the DNA.



Nucleus - ANS Control center of the cell

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