BIO 182 EXAM 3 questions and answers
2026\2027 A+ Grade
True or False
The greatest density of species occurs at the North Pole.
- correct answer False
What is the tragedy of the commons?
- correct answer the tendency for a common resource to be overused
True or false: cheating ( free riding) confers the smallest benefit when most of the group cooperate to
invest?
- correct answer False. when more ppl invest, there is a higher benefit for the freeloaders
true or false: punishment creates a cost that balances the benefit of selfishness
- correct answer True
how can we promote a cooperation on a larger scale
- correct answer rebates( benefits) for participants
punishment for non-participants
what are 3 strategies for when species numbers are getting low
- correct answer Captive breeding
DNA banks
protection
Extinction due to 3 human activities
- correct answer hunting, habitat destruction, global warming
,True or False: if productivity enhances diversity, one should see more species in deep tropical waters
than along shallow coastlines
- correct answer false we see more productivity in deep tropical waters, BUT we predict that shallow
coastlines should rather have it
true or false: Primary productivity is likely necessary, but insufficient condition for biodiversity
- correct answer true
true or false: greater productivity could support more individuals of a species without supporting more
species
- correct answer true. just b/c you have a huge amount of primary productivity does not mean it would
give more amount of species. it could simply have more individuals from the same species
More productivity = more organisms, but it is not equal to________
- correct answer more species
why is the more speciation at the equator
- correct answer temperatures are stable= more specialized organisms
no change in temperatures in high or low altitude
increased cost to dispersal over a climate gradient=> low gene flow=> high alopatric speciation=>
___________
- correct answer very sensitive to climate changes
you have to be a _______ to survive changes
- correct answer generalist ( BUT species in tropics are specialists)
Low Latitiudes= _________thermal niches
High Latitudes= __________thermal niches
- correct answer narrow
broad
true or false: a more specialized species should occur over a narrow range of altitude or latitude
- correct answer true for both altitude and latitude
, primary consumers
- correct answer first organisms in the chain to eat the other organisms
eat the photosynthetic organisms = herbivores
Tropical species have the _______ latitudional ranges
Species at high latitudes have the _______ latitudional ranges
- correct answer lowest
highest
greenhouse effect
- correct answer warming/heat that results when solar radiation is trapped by the atmosphere
what is anthropogenic
- correct answer caused by humans
the rate of global warming appears to be accelerated in the _____ ( consequences)
- correct answer arctic ( ice melting, island and species disappearance, overabundance of salt water,
shortage of fresh water )
what type of niches are used to predict responses to climate change ( climate envelope model)
- correct answer realized ( fundamental would be better)
true / false:
in the experiment with water fleas, the phenotypic difference between the two sets of population could
have resulted from plasticity instead of evolution
- correct answer false, b/c it was several generation further and not within one generation.
what 7 factors determine whether a species can adapt to an environmental change
- correct answer 1) high recombination ( sexual reproduction)
2) niche width ( intermediate)
3) rate of warming ( low)
2026\2027 A+ Grade
True or False
The greatest density of species occurs at the North Pole.
- correct answer False
What is the tragedy of the commons?
- correct answer the tendency for a common resource to be overused
True or false: cheating ( free riding) confers the smallest benefit when most of the group cooperate to
invest?
- correct answer False. when more ppl invest, there is a higher benefit for the freeloaders
true or false: punishment creates a cost that balances the benefit of selfishness
- correct answer True
how can we promote a cooperation on a larger scale
- correct answer rebates( benefits) for participants
punishment for non-participants
what are 3 strategies for when species numbers are getting low
- correct answer Captive breeding
DNA banks
protection
Extinction due to 3 human activities
- correct answer hunting, habitat destruction, global warming
,True or False: if productivity enhances diversity, one should see more species in deep tropical waters
than along shallow coastlines
- correct answer false we see more productivity in deep tropical waters, BUT we predict that shallow
coastlines should rather have it
true or false: Primary productivity is likely necessary, but insufficient condition for biodiversity
- correct answer true
true or false: greater productivity could support more individuals of a species without supporting more
species
- correct answer true. just b/c you have a huge amount of primary productivity does not mean it would
give more amount of species. it could simply have more individuals from the same species
More productivity = more organisms, but it is not equal to________
- correct answer more species
why is the more speciation at the equator
- correct answer temperatures are stable= more specialized organisms
no change in temperatures in high or low altitude
increased cost to dispersal over a climate gradient=> low gene flow=> high alopatric speciation=>
___________
- correct answer very sensitive to climate changes
you have to be a _______ to survive changes
- correct answer generalist ( BUT species in tropics are specialists)
Low Latitiudes= _________thermal niches
High Latitudes= __________thermal niches
- correct answer narrow
broad
true or false: a more specialized species should occur over a narrow range of altitude or latitude
- correct answer true for both altitude and latitude
, primary consumers
- correct answer first organisms in the chain to eat the other organisms
eat the photosynthetic organisms = herbivores
Tropical species have the _______ latitudional ranges
Species at high latitudes have the _______ latitudional ranges
- correct answer lowest
highest
greenhouse effect
- correct answer warming/heat that results when solar radiation is trapped by the atmosphere
what is anthropogenic
- correct answer caused by humans
the rate of global warming appears to be accelerated in the _____ ( consequences)
- correct answer arctic ( ice melting, island and species disappearance, overabundance of salt water,
shortage of fresh water )
what type of niches are used to predict responses to climate change ( climate envelope model)
- correct answer realized ( fundamental would be better)
true / false:
in the experiment with water fleas, the phenotypic difference between the two sets of population could
have resulted from plasticity instead of evolution
- correct answer false, b/c it was several generation further and not within one generation.
what 7 factors determine whether a species can adapt to an environmental change
- correct answer 1) high recombination ( sexual reproduction)
2) niche width ( intermediate)
3) rate of warming ( low)
