Page 1 of 128
“PORTH'S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TEST EXAM
”LATEST EXAM 2026 – 2027 SOLVED
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS VERIFIED 100%
GRADED A+ (LATEST VERSION) WELL REVISED
100% GUARANTEE PASS
Pathophysiology - test bank
Patho Exam - Porth's Test Bank
The nurse knows that a diabetic patient admitted for a lower limb infection
likely is experiencing which of the following pathophysiologic principles listed
below? Select all that apply.
A) Many diabetic patients have sensory deficits and ignore minor trauma just
because they can't feel it in their feet.
B) Patients with chronic diabetes may have vascular problems that impair
circulation, and therefore cells needed for adequate inflammatory response
cannot reach the site.
C) Hyperglycemia may provide an environment that enhances the growth of
microorganisms.
D) Infections happen to all age groups and people, and the diabetic patient has
the same risk for developing an infection as other patients without diabetes.
E) Any exercise that creates diaphoresis in the feet can cause a fungal
infection in diabetic patients.
A) Many diabetic patients have sensory deficits and ignore minor trauma just
because they can't feel it in their feet.
B) Patients with chronic diabetes may have vascular problems that impair circulation,
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and therefore cells needed for adequate inflammatory response cannot reach the
site.
C) Hyperglycemia may provide an environment that enhances the growth of
microorganisms.
Growth hormone (GH) secretion is inhibited by
A) hypoglycemia.
B) starvation.
C) heavy exercise.
D) obesity.
D) obesity.
A dialysis technician is providing care for a client with chronic renal failure.
The technician would recognize which of the following characteristics of
healthy kidneys?
Select all that apply.
A) The kidneys are contained within the peritoneal cavity.
B) Blood vessels, nerves, and ureters all connect with the kidney at the hilus.
C) The medulla of the kidney contains the glomeruli.
D) Each kidney consists of lobes, with each lobe comprised of nephrons.
E) Each nephron contains several hundred glomeruli that perform filtration.
B) Blood vessels, nerves, and ureters all connect with the kidney at the hilus.
D) Each kidney consists of lobes, with each lobe comprised of nephrons.
A patient in the ICU has been diagnosed with hypovolemic shock. His BP is
88/53, heart rate 122, and respiratory rate 26. Given these vital signs, the nurse
should expect the urine output to be
A) maintained between 30 and 50 mL/hour with no sediment in the bag.
B) increased to 60+ mL/hour with dilute urine.
C) decreased below 30 mL/hour with decreased GFR.
D) the patient's normal amount with dark, concentrated urine.
C) decreased below 30 mL/hour with decreased GFR.
At which of the following locations in the nephron would a health care
professional first expect blood to be largely free of plasma proteins?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Bowman space
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C) Loop of Henle
D) Afferent arteriole
B) Bowman space
Which of the following statements about mesangial cells within the glomerulus
is accurate? Select all that apply. Mesangial cells
A) cover the entire amount of endothelial cells contained within the capillaries.
B) have phagocytic properties that remove macromolecular materials.
C) exhibit vasodilator properties to assist with increase in blood flow in times
of stress.
D) enlarge (hyperplasia) in response to glomerular diseases.
E) are coiled and drain Bowman capsule.
B) have phagocytic properties that remove macromolecular materials.
D) enlarge (hyperplasia) in response to glomerular diseases.
A nurse educator is orientating new nurses to a renal unit of the hospital.
Which of the following teaching points should the nurse include as part of a
review of normal glomerular function?
A) "Nephrons are delicate structures that cannot endure the high pressure that
exists in capillary beds elsewhere in the body."
B) "Glomerular filtrate is very similar in composition to blood plasma found
elsewhere in circulation."
C) "Dilation of the afferent arteriole allows more blood into the nephron and
increases the glomerular filtration rate."
D) "The glomerulus is located between an arteriole and a venule that work
together to regulate blood flow."
B) "Glomerular filtrate is very similar in composition to blood plasma found elsewhere
in circulation."
While assessing a patient with urosepsis, the ICU nurse notes the patient's BP
is 80/54; HR 132; RR 24; and pulse oximetry 89% on 6 lpm O2. Over the last
hour, the patient's urine output is 15 mL. When explaining to a new graduate
nurse, the nurse will emphasize that the patient's status may relate to that
A) the infection is deep inside the kidney, and it will take a long time for the
antibiotics to kill the bacteria.
B) the patient's sympathetic nervous system has been stimulated that has
resulted in vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole, which causes a decrease
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in renal blood flow.
C) the glomerular filtration system gets overwhelmed in times of stress (like
infections) and can become clogged with waste material from the bacteria.
D) the ability to transport substances from the tubular fluid into the peritubular
capillaries becomes impaired, which results in fluid being forced out of
capillaries into the glom
B) the patient's sympathetic nervous system has been stimulated that has resulted in
vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole, which causes a decrease in renal blood
flow.
Which of the following substances is most likely to be reabsorbed in the
tubular segments of the nephron using passive transport mechanisms?
A) Water
B) Sodium
C) Phosphate
D) Calcium
A) Water
When explaining to a class of nursing students enrolled in pathophysiology,
the instructor states, "the majority of energy used by the kidney is for
A) filtration of drugs out of the body."
B) secretion of erythropoietin for production of RBCs."
C) active sodium transport mechanisms."
D) removal of excess glucose from the blood."
C) active sodium transport mechanisms."
Damage to which of the following areas of a nephron would most likely result
in impaired secretion and reabsorption?
A) Distal tubule
B) Loop of Henle
C) Proximal tubule
D) Collecting tubule
C) Proximal tubule
When explaining the role of the proximal tubule in terms of medication
administration, the nursing instructor will emphasize that which of the
following medications are bound to plasma proteins and require the proximal
tubule secretion of exogenous organic compounds to help with filtration?
“PORTH'S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TEST EXAM
”LATEST EXAM 2026 – 2027 SOLVED
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS VERIFIED 100%
GRADED A+ (LATEST VERSION) WELL REVISED
100% GUARANTEE PASS
Pathophysiology - test bank
Patho Exam - Porth's Test Bank
The nurse knows that a diabetic patient admitted for a lower limb infection
likely is experiencing which of the following pathophysiologic principles listed
below? Select all that apply.
A) Many diabetic patients have sensory deficits and ignore minor trauma just
because they can't feel it in their feet.
B) Patients with chronic diabetes may have vascular problems that impair
circulation, and therefore cells needed for adequate inflammatory response
cannot reach the site.
C) Hyperglycemia may provide an environment that enhances the growth of
microorganisms.
D) Infections happen to all age groups and people, and the diabetic patient has
the same risk for developing an infection as other patients without diabetes.
E) Any exercise that creates diaphoresis in the feet can cause a fungal
infection in diabetic patients.
A) Many diabetic patients have sensory deficits and ignore minor trauma just
because they can't feel it in their feet.
B) Patients with chronic diabetes may have vascular problems that impair circulation,
, Page 2 of 128
and therefore cells needed for adequate inflammatory response cannot reach the
site.
C) Hyperglycemia may provide an environment that enhances the growth of
microorganisms.
Growth hormone (GH) secretion is inhibited by
A) hypoglycemia.
B) starvation.
C) heavy exercise.
D) obesity.
D) obesity.
A dialysis technician is providing care for a client with chronic renal failure.
The technician would recognize which of the following characteristics of
healthy kidneys?
Select all that apply.
A) The kidneys are contained within the peritoneal cavity.
B) Blood vessels, nerves, and ureters all connect with the kidney at the hilus.
C) The medulla of the kidney contains the glomeruli.
D) Each kidney consists of lobes, with each lobe comprised of nephrons.
E) Each nephron contains several hundred glomeruli that perform filtration.
B) Blood vessels, nerves, and ureters all connect with the kidney at the hilus.
D) Each kidney consists of lobes, with each lobe comprised of nephrons.
A patient in the ICU has been diagnosed with hypovolemic shock. His BP is
88/53, heart rate 122, and respiratory rate 26. Given these vital signs, the nurse
should expect the urine output to be
A) maintained between 30 and 50 mL/hour with no sediment in the bag.
B) increased to 60+ mL/hour with dilute urine.
C) decreased below 30 mL/hour with decreased GFR.
D) the patient's normal amount with dark, concentrated urine.
C) decreased below 30 mL/hour with decreased GFR.
At which of the following locations in the nephron would a health care
professional first expect blood to be largely free of plasma proteins?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Bowman space
, Page 3 of 128
C) Loop of Henle
D) Afferent arteriole
B) Bowman space
Which of the following statements about mesangial cells within the glomerulus
is accurate? Select all that apply. Mesangial cells
A) cover the entire amount of endothelial cells contained within the capillaries.
B) have phagocytic properties that remove macromolecular materials.
C) exhibit vasodilator properties to assist with increase in blood flow in times
of stress.
D) enlarge (hyperplasia) in response to glomerular diseases.
E) are coiled and drain Bowman capsule.
B) have phagocytic properties that remove macromolecular materials.
D) enlarge (hyperplasia) in response to glomerular diseases.
A nurse educator is orientating new nurses to a renal unit of the hospital.
Which of the following teaching points should the nurse include as part of a
review of normal glomerular function?
A) "Nephrons are delicate structures that cannot endure the high pressure that
exists in capillary beds elsewhere in the body."
B) "Glomerular filtrate is very similar in composition to blood plasma found
elsewhere in circulation."
C) "Dilation of the afferent arteriole allows more blood into the nephron and
increases the glomerular filtration rate."
D) "The glomerulus is located between an arteriole and a venule that work
together to regulate blood flow."
B) "Glomerular filtrate is very similar in composition to blood plasma found elsewhere
in circulation."
While assessing a patient with urosepsis, the ICU nurse notes the patient's BP
is 80/54; HR 132; RR 24; and pulse oximetry 89% on 6 lpm O2. Over the last
hour, the patient's urine output is 15 mL. When explaining to a new graduate
nurse, the nurse will emphasize that the patient's status may relate to that
A) the infection is deep inside the kidney, and it will take a long time for the
antibiotics to kill the bacteria.
B) the patient's sympathetic nervous system has been stimulated that has
resulted in vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole, which causes a decrease
, Page 4 of 128
in renal blood flow.
C) the glomerular filtration system gets overwhelmed in times of stress (like
infections) and can become clogged with waste material from the bacteria.
D) the ability to transport substances from the tubular fluid into the peritubular
capillaries becomes impaired, which results in fluid being forced out of
capillaries into the glom
B) the patient's sympathetic nervous system has been stimulated that has resulted in
vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole, which causes a decrease in renal blood
flow.
Which of the following substances is most likely to be reabsorbed in the
tubular segments of the nephron using passive transport mechanisms?
A) Water
B) Sodium
C) Phosphate
D) Calcium
A) Water
When explaining to a class of nursing students enrolled in pathophysiology,
the instructor states, "the majority of energy used by the kidney is for
A) filtration of drugs out of the body."
B) secretion of erythropoietin for production of RBCs."
C) active sodium transport mechanisms."
D) removal of excess glucose from the blood."
C) active sodium transport mechanisms."
Damage to which of the following areas of a nephron would most likely result
in impaired secretion and reabsorption?
A) Distal tubule
B) Loop of Henle
C) Proximal tubule
D) Collecting tubule
C) Proximal tubule
When explaining the role of the proximal tubule in terms of medication
administration, the nursing instructor will emphasize that which of the
following medications are bound to plasma proteins and require the proximal
tubule secretion of exogenous organic compounds to help with filtration?
