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Introduction to clinical pharmacology
chapter 8 2026 Latest Questions and
Answers (100% Expert Answers) A+
Histamine [ Ans: ] A chemical the body produces that causes the
inflammatory response.
Antihistamine [ Ans: ] Relieve the effects of histamine on body organs
and structures
Antihistamines [ Ans: ] Limit the release of acetylcholine, producing an
anticholinergic (drying effect) In bronchioles and GI system
Antihistamines [ Ans: ] Have a sedative effect on the central nervous
system
Histamine H2 antagonist [ Ans: ] Compete with histamine at H2 receptor
© 2026
sites, only H2 receptors located in the GI tract
FDA [ Ans: ] OTC cough and cold products not be used on infants and
children less than 2 years old, some should not be used in children
younger than 6
Second generation antihistamines [ Ans: ] Rapid onset of relief of
sneezing, prutritus (itching), and watery rhinorrhea...do not cross the
blood brain barrier do not cause significant sedation
Antihistamines
adverse reactions [ Ans: ] Constipation, blurred vision, dry mouth,
urinary retention, and dried thickened secretions caused by mucosal
drying
Antihistamines [ Ans: ] Interacts with MAO inhibitors
Look for drug interactions
, 2
Antihistamines [ Ans: ] Should be used w/ caution in children w/ family
history of sleep apnea, SIDS, and Reye syndrome
Antihistamines
Implementation [ Ans: ] Give oral doses with milk to lessen GI side
effects
Given orally are usually well absorbed
Antihistamines
Implementation [ Ans: ] IM diphenhydramine inject deep to prevent
tissue irritation
IV done slowly with patient laying down because of risk of low blood
pressure
Benadryl [ Ans: ] First generation
© 2026
Loratadine Claritin [ Ans: ] 2nd generation
Antihistamines [ Ans: ] Start low go slow with older adults
Antihistamines [ Ans: ] Respiratory tract can dry out and mucus can
thicken, encourage fluids to thin secretions and moisten mucus
membranes
Antihistamines [ Ans: ] Avoid driving (drowsiness)
Dizziness, thick secretions upset stomach contact physician nurse or
healthcare provider
Antitussives [ Ans: ] Used to relieve coughing
Antitussives [ Ans: ] Centrally on the cough center in the brain
Introduction to clinical pharmacology
chapter 8 2026 Latest Questions and
Answers (100% Expert Answers) A+
Histamine [ Ans: ] A chemical the body produces that causes the
inflammatory response.
Antihistamine [ Ans: ] Relieve the effects of histamine on body organs
and structures
Antihistamines [ Ans: ] Limit the release of acetylcholine, producing an
anticholinergic (drying effect) In bronchioles and GI system
Antihistamines [ Ans: ] Have a sedative effect on the central nervous
system
Histamine H2 antagonist [ Ans: ] Compete with histamine at H2 receptor
© 2026
sites, only H2 receptors located in the GI tract
FDA [ Ans: ] OTC cough and cold products not be used on infants and
children less than 2 years old, some should not be used in children
younger than 6
Second generation antihistamines [ Ans: ] Rapid onset of relief of
sneezing, prutritus (itching), and watery rhinorrhea...do not cross the
blood brain barrier do not cause significant sedation
Antihistamines
adverse reactions [ Ans: ] Constipation, blurred vision, dry mouth,
urinary retention, and dried thickened secretions caused by mucosal
drying
Antihistamines [ Ans: ] Interacts with MAO inhibitors
Look for drug interactions
, 2
Antihistamines [ Ans: ] Should be used w/ caution in children w/ family
history of sleep apnea, SIDS, and Reye syndrome
Antihistamines
Implementation [ Ans: ] Give oral doses with milk to lessen GI side
effects
Given orally are usually well absorbed
Antihistamines
Implementation [ Ans: ] IM diphenhydramine inject deep to prevent
tissue irritation
IV done slowly with patient laying down because of risk of low blood
pressure
Benadryl [ Ans: ] First generation
© 2026
Loratadine Claritin [ Ans: ] 2nd generation
Antihistamines [ Ans: ] Start low go slow with older adults
Antihistamines [ Ans: ] Respiratory tract can dry out and mucus can
thicken, encourage fluids to thin secretions and moisten mucus
membranes
Antihistamines [ Ans: ] Avoid driving (drowsiness)
Dizziness, thick secretions upset stomach contact physician nurse or
healthcare provider
Antitussives [ Ans: ] Used to relieve coughing
Antitussives [ Ans: ] Centrally on the cough center in the brain
