NR 566 Final Exam- Chamberlain with Complete Questions and Correct Detailed
Answers (Verified Answers) |Already Graded A+
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and Doxylamine (Unisom) - (Correct Answer)-Two most common
H1 antagonist sleep aids
What are H1 antagonists used to treat in allergic disorders? - (Correct Answer)-Mild allergic
reactions, such as allergic rhinitis and urticaria.
What are the anticholinergic adverse effects of H1 antagonists? - (Correct Answer)-Dry mouth
and urinary retention
What depressive effects can H1 antagonists cause? - (Correct Answer)-Sedation and impaired
ability, more common in FGA due to crossing the BBB
What behavioral adverse effects are associated with H1 antagonists? - (Correct Answer)-
Confusion and apathy
What stimulatory effects can H1 antagonists have? - (Correct Answer)-Muscle spasm and
appetite stimulation
What gastrointestinal adverse effects can occur with H1 antagonists? - (Correct Answer)-
Discomfort
What can happen at high doses of H1 antagonists? - (Correct Answer)-CNS seizures and
hallucinations
In which populations are H1 antagonists contraindicated? - (Correct Answer)-Newborns,
children under the age of 2, and women who are breastfeeding.
What conditions contraindicate the use of H1 antagonists? - (Correct Answer)-Narrow-angle
glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, and acute exacerbation of asthma.
, 2
What is the effect of H1 antagonists on allergic rhinitis? - (Correct Answer)-Reduces sneezing,
nasal discharge, and irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat.
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of H1 antagonists? - (Correct Answer)-H1 antagonists
work by blocking H1 histamine receptors.
What effect do H1 antagonists have on histamine in the body? - (Correct Answer)-They help to
reduce the effects of histamine in the body.
How does blocking histamine action affect wakefulness? - (Correct Answer)-Blocking histamine
action can lead to sedation and help induce sleep.
What is a common side effect of H1 antagonists when used as a sleep aid? - (Correct Answer)-
Daytime Drowsiness: Users may experience lingering sedation the next day.
What are some anticholinergic effects of H1 antagonists? - (Correct Answer)-Dry mouth, blurred
vision, constipation, and urinary retention.
What CNS effects can H1 antagonists cause, particularly in older adults? - (Correct Answer)-
Dizziness, confusion, and incoordination.
What is the effect of H1 antagonists on urticaria? - (Correct Answer)-Diminishes redness,
itching, and swelling.
Which first-generation H1 antagonists are effective for motion sickness? - (Correct Answer)-
Promethazine and dimenhydrinate.
How do certain H1 antagonists help with motion sickness? - (Correct Answer)-They inhibit
muscarinic receptors.
, 3
Why are first-generation H1 antagonists included in sleep aids? - (Correct Answer)-For short-
term management of sleep disturbances.
What are the anticholinergic effects that older adults are more susceptible to? - (Correct
Answer)-Dizziness, confusion, and sedation.
Why should first-generation antihistamines be used cautiously in older adults? - (Correct
Answer)-They can increase sedation and anticholinergic effects, raising the risk of falls and
accidents.
What criteria advises against the use of first-generation antihistamines in older adults? - (Correct
Answer)-Beers Criteria.
What is a concern regarding polypharmacy in older adults? - (Correct Answer)-Increased risk of
drug interactions and cumulative side effects.
What effect can first-generation antihistamines have on children? - (Correct Answer)-They can
cause paradoxical excitation, leading to increased agitation or insomnia.
What is advised for the use of antihistamines in infants? - (Correct Answer)-Over-the-counter
cold remedies should generally be avoided in children under four years old.
What is the Pregnancy Risk Category for antihistamines? - (Correct Answer)-Category C,
meaning they should only be used if benefits outweigh risks.
Which type of antihistamines are often preferred during pregnancy? - (Correct Answer)-Second-
generation antihistamines due to a better safety profile.
, 4
What should be considered regarding antihistamines and breastfeeding? - (Correct Answer)-
Caution is advised as they can pass into breast milk; consultation with a healthcare provider is
recommended.
How can age-related changes affect the use of antihistamines? - (Correct Answer)-They can alter
pharmacokinetics, affecting metabolism and excretion.
What should be considered regarding family support in medication management? - (Correct
Answer)-The ability of the family to manage medication regimens, especially in older adults and
children.
What is a key difference in sedation between 1st and 2nd generation H1 antagonists? - (Correct
Answer)-First-generation causes significant sedation; second-generation is less sedating.
How do the mechanisms of 1st and 2nd generation H1 antagonists differ? - (Correct Answer)-
First-generation affects both H1 and muscarinic receptors; second-generation primarily targets
H1 receptors.
What are the primary use cases for 1st generation H1 antagonists? - (Correct Answer)-Used for a
broader range of conditions, including insomnia and motion sickness.
What are the primary use cases for 2nd generation H1 antagonists? - (Correct Answer)-Mainly
used for allergic conditions.
What side effects are more pronounced in 1st generation H1 antagonists? - (Correct Answer)-
More pronounced side effects, particularly anticholinergic effects.
What are examples of second generation H1 antagonists? - (Correct Answer)-Fexofenadine
(Allegra), Cetirizine (Zyrtec), Loratadine (Claritin)
Answers (Verified Answers) |Already Graded A+
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and Doxylamine (Unisom) - (Correct Answer)-Two most common
H1 antagonist sleep aids
What are H1 antagonists used to treat in allergic disorders? - (Correct Answer)-Mild allergic
reactions, such as allergic rhinitis and urticaria.
What are the anticholinergic adverse effects of H1 antagonists? - (Correct Answer)-Dry mouth
and urinary retention
What depressive effects can H1 antagonists cause? - (Correct Answer)-Sedation and impaired
ability, more common in FGA due to crossing the BBB
What behavioral adverse effects are associated with H1 antagonists? - (Correct Answer)-
Confusion and apathy
What stimulatory effects can H1 antagonists have? - (Correct Answer)-Muscle spasm and
appetite stimulation
What gastrointestinal adverse effects can occur with H1 antagonists? - (Correct Answer)-
Discomfort
What can happen at high doses of H1 antagonists? - (Correct Answer)-CNS seizures and
hallucinations
In which populations are H1 antagonists contraindicated? - (Correct Answer)-Newborns,
children under the age of 2, and women who are breastfeeding.
What conditions contraindicate the use of H1 antagonists? - (Correct Answer)-Narrow-angle
glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, and acute exacerbation of asthma.
, 2
What is the effect of H1 antagonists on allergic rhinitis? - (Correct Answer)-Reduces sneezing,
nasal discharge, and irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat.
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of H1 antagonists? - (Correct Answer)-H1 antagonists
work by blocking H1 histamine receptors.
What effect do H1 antagonists have on histamine in the body? - (Correct Answer)-They help to
reduce the effects of histamine in the body.
How does blocking histamine action affect wakefulness? - (Correct Answer)-Blocking histamine
action can lead to sedation and help induce sleep.
What is a common side effect of H1 antagonists when used as a sleep aid? - (Correct Answer)-
Daytime Drowsiness: Users may experience lingering sedation the next day.
What are some anticholinergic effects of H1 antagonists? - (Correct Answer)-Dry mouth, blurred
vision, constipation, and urinary retention.
What CNS effects can H1 antagonists cause, particularly in older adults? - (Correct Answer)-
Dizziness, confusion, and incoordination.
What is the effect of H1 antagonists on urticaria? - (Correct Answer)-Diminishes redness,
itching, and swelling.
Which first-generation H1 antagonists are effective for motion sickness? - (Correct Answer)-
Promethazine and dimenhydrinate.
How do certain H1 antagonists help with motion sickness? - (Correct Answer)-They inhibit
muscarinic receptors.
, 3
Why are first-generation H1 antagonists included in sleep aids? - (Correct Answer)-For short-
term management of sleep disturbances.
What are the anticholinergic effects that older adults are more susceptible to? - (Correct
Answer)-Dizziness, confusion, and sedation.
Why should first-generation antihistamines be used cautiously in older adults? - (Correct
Answer)-They can increase sedation and anticholinergic effects, raising the risk of falls and
accidents.
What criteria advises against the use of first-generation antihistamines in older adults? - (Correct
Answer)-Beers Criteria.
What is a concern regarding polypharmacy in older adults? - (Correct Answer)-Increased risk of
drug interactions and cumulative side effects.
What effect can first-generation antihistamines have on children? - (Correct Answer)-They can
cause paradoxical excitation, leading to increased agitation or insomnia.
What is advised for the use of antihistamines in infants? - (Correct Answer)-Over-the-counter
cold remedies should generally be avoided in children under four years old.
What is the Pregnancy Risk Category for antihistamines? - (Correct Answer)-Category C,
meaning they should only be used if benefits outweigh risks.
Which type of antihistamines are often preferred during pregnancy? - (Correct Answer)-Second-
generation antihistamines due to a better safety profile.
, 4
What should be considered regarding antihistamines and breastfeeding? - (Correct Answer)-
Caution is advised as they can pass into breast milk; consultation with a healthcare provider is
recommended.
How can age-related changes affect the use of antihistamines? - (Correct Answer)-They can alter
pharmacokinetics, affecting metabolism and excretion.
What should be considered regarding family support in medication management? - (Correct
Answer)-The ability of the family to manage medication regimens, especially in older adults and
children.
What is a key difference in sedation between 1st and 2nd generation H1 antagonists? - (Correct
Answer)-First-generation causes significant sedation; second-generation is less sedating.
How do the mechanisms of 1st and 2nd generation H1 antagonists differ? - (Correct Answer)-
First-generation affects both H1 and muscarinic receptors; second-generation primarily targets
H1 receptors.
What are the primary use cases for 1st generation H1 antagonists? - (Correct Answer)-Used for a
broader range of conditions, including insomnia and motion sickness.
What are the primary use cases for 2nd generation H1 antagonists? - (Correct Answer)-Mainly
used for allergic conditions.
What side effects are more pronounced in 1st generation H1 antagonists? - (Correct Answer)-
More pronounced side effects, particularly anticholinergic effects.
What are examples of second generation H1 antagonists? - (Correct Answer)-Fexofenadine
(Allegra), Cetirizine (Zyrtec), Loratadine (Claritin)
