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Where is the SA node located? - Answers-In the upper
wall of the right atrium/near the inlet of the superior vena
cava
What is the intrinsic rate of the SA node? - Answers-60-
100 bpm
Pacemaker cells in the AV junction generate electrical
impulses at what rate? - Answers-40-60 bpm
What are the 3 functions of the AV node? - Answers-1.
slow conduction of the electrical impulse through the AV
node to allow atria to empty into the ventricles (atrial kick)
2. to serve as a back pack pacemaker
3. protect ventricles from fast rates
After the delay in the AV node, where does the impulse
go? - Answers-To the bundle of His
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What is the function of the bundle of His? - Answers-The
Bundle of His (AV Bundle) runs from the AV node through
the IV septum, splitting into R. and L. branches and
eventually breaking into Purkinje fibers as it spreads
through the ventricular walls
What is the rate of electrical impulse the Purkinje Fibers
have? - Answers-30-40 bpm
What does the P wave represent? - Answers-atrial
depolarization
When does atrial repolarization occur? - Answers-during
the QRS complex
What does the QRS wave represent? - Answers-
ventricular depolarization
What does the ST segment represent? - Answers-early
ventricular repolarization
What are the two basic kinds of cardiac cells? - Answers-
1. myocardial muscle cells
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2. myocardial pacemaker cells
What are the 4 primary cell characteristics? - Answers-1.
Automaticity
2. Excitability
3. Conductivity
4. Contractility
What are the two major ions that affect cardiac function? -
Answers-1. sodium
2. potassium
What are the primary ions inside the cell? - Answers-
Potassium
What are the primary ions outside the cell? - Answers-
Sodium
Distribution of ions on either side of the membrane is
determined by which several factors? - Answers-1.
membrane channels
2. concentration gradient
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3. electrical gradient
4. sodium-potassium pump
What does the T wave represent? - Answers-ventricular
repolarization
What does the QT interval represent? - Answers-the time
of *ventricular activity* including both depolarization and
repolarization
What are the two refectory phases of the cardiac cycle? -
Answers-1. Absolute refractory period
2. Relative refractory period
What is "absolute refractory period"? - Answers-The
cardiac cells are unable to respond to an electrical
stimulus (from the onset of the QRS to the peak of the T
wave)