MEDICAL GENETICS 5TH JORDE TEST
BANK ACTUAL EXAM 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
⩥ What event in 1953 revolutionized genetics? Answer: The discovery
of the DNA double helix by James Watson and Francis Crick, based on
Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins' X-ray diffraction data.
⩥ What did the 1953 discovery of DNA explain? Answer: How genetic
information is stored, replicated, and transmitted — forming the
foundation for molecular genetics.
⩥ What is DNA? Answer: Deoxyribonucleic acid — the molecule that
carries hereditary information in nearly all living organisms.
⩥ What is the structure of DNA? Answer: A double helix with
complementary base pairing between adenine-thymine and guanine-
cytosine.
⩥ What is a gene? Answer: A functional unit of DNA that encodes a
specific protein or RNA product.
, ⩥ What is the human genome? Answer: The complete set of DNA,
including all genes, within the human body.
⩥ How many chromosomes does the human genome contain? Answer:
46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs.
⩥ What are autosomes? Answer: The 22 pairs of non-sex chromosomes
that carry most genetic information.
⩥ What are sex chromosomes? Answer: X and Y chromosomes that
determine biological sex.
⩥ What is the difference between nuclear DNA and mitochondrial
DNA? Answer: Nuclear DNA is inherited from both parents;
mitochondrial DNA is maternally inherited.
⩥ What is the function of genes? Answer: To encode proteins or
functional RNAs that determine traits and regulate physiological
processes.
⩥ What is a genotype? Answer: The specific genetic constitution of an
individual.
BANK ACTUAL EXAM 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
⩥ What event in 1953 revolutionized genetics? Answer: The discovery
of the DNA double helix by James Watson and Francis Crick, based on
Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins' X-ray diffraction data.
⩥ What did the 1953 discovery of DNA explain? Answer: How genetic
information is stored, replicated, and transmitted — forming the
foundation for molecular genetics.
⩥ What is DNA? Answer: Deoxyribonucleic acid — the molecule that
carries hereditary information in nearly all living organisms.
⩥ What is the structure of DNA? Answer: A double helix with
complementary base pairing between adenine-thymine and guanine-
cytosine.
⩥ What is a gene? Answer: A functional unit of DNA that encodes a
specific protein or RNA product.
, ⩥ What is the human genome? Answer: The complete set of DNA,
including all genes, within the human body.
⩥ How many chromosomes does the human genome contain? Answer:
46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs.
⩥ What are autosomes? Answer: The 22 pairs of non-sex chromosomes
that carry most genetic information.
⩥ What are sex chromosomes? Answer: X and Y chromosomes that
determine biological sex.
⩥ What is the difference between nuclear DNA and mitochondrial
DNA? Answer: Nuclear DNA is inherited from both parents;
mitochondrial DNA is maternally inherited.
⩥ What is the function of genes? Answer: To encode proteins or
functional RNAs that determine traits and regulate physiological
processes.
⩥ What is a genotype? Answer: The specific genetic constitution of an
individual.
