FNP BOARD QUESTION UNLOCKED –
A+ STRATEGIES FOR DIAGNOSIS,
PHARMACOLOGY & PREVENTION
(2026–2027)
An understanding of different cultural preferences leads to
cultural competence in healthcare. Some patients may value
traditional culture and preferences as it relates to healthcare.
These individual preferences should be included in the
interview and treatment plan for patients.
Traditionally, the American Indian culture values a holistic
approach to health care integrating the person, lifestyle,
environment, family, and religion. Patients adhering to these
traditional cultural practices often feel that illness is due to a
lack of harmony with the physical body, mind, spirit, and
emotions. Patients may seek care from western medicine for
specific ailments while also consulting with traditional healers
for spiritual guidance.
Healthcare providers should seek to understand relevant
cultural factors and assess each individual's healthcare literacy
in order to provide culturally competent care.
The nurse practitioner sees an older adult patient in the clinic
with the primary report of hearing loss and a sensation of
fullness in the right ear. The nurse practitioner suspects
conductive hearing loss. Which could contribute to this? - THE
CORRECT ANSWER-Cerumen, commonly called earwax, is a
,combination of secretions and sloughed epithelial cells that
protects the ears from infection, water, and insects. It is
normally expelled from the ear canal through natural jaw
movement. When this self-cleaning process fails, cerumen can
become impacted. Cerumen impaction occludes the ear canal
and can press against the tympanic membrane, resulting in
conductive hearing loss.
_________________________________________
Conductive hearing is the transition of sound from the external
and middle ear to the inner ear. Conductive hearing loss is
caused by problems in the external and middle ear that
interfere with the transmission of sound and its conversion to
mechanical vibration. Causes of conductive hearing loss include
obstruction of the external auditory canal by cerumen, foreign
bodies, debris from otitis externa, and large exocytosis and
osteomas.
Sensorineural hearing loss involves difficulty converting
mechanical vibrations to electrical potential in the cochlea or in
auditory nerve transmission to the brain. It is mostly caused by
permanent damage in the organ of Corti. It can be caused by
age-related hearing loss, noise trauma, medications,
autoimmune diseases, mechanical trauma, Meniere disease,
infection, and neoplasm (acoustic neuroma).
Approximately one-third of older adults between the ages of 61
and 70 years have hearing loss. More than 90% of adults older
than 85 years of age have hearing loss. The most common type
of hearing loss is age-related and sensorineural. All adults older
than 60 years of age should be screened for hearing loss at
periodic health examinations.
,An otherwise healthy adult patient presents to the clinic with a
diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia and no recent
antibiotic therapy. Which is the best option for treatment? - THE
CORRECT ANSWER-Amoxicillin
High-dose amoxicillin (Amoxil) or doxycycline are
recommended as first-line therapy for adults without
comorbidities.
___________________________________________
__
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is pneumonia not
acquired in a hospital or long-term care facility. Patients with
suspected CAP should receive a chest X-ray for diagnosis. The
Pneumonia Severity Index should be used to assist in decisions
regarding the need for hospitalization in patients with CAP.
According to the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the
Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) 2019 guidelines,
the initial treatment of CAP for most patients is amoxicillin or
doxycycline. Macrolides are an option for treatment, but are no
longer recommended routinely as first-line treatment, given
increased macrolide resistance. This is a change from the 2007
ATS/IDSA guidelines. Respiratory fluoroquinolones and
amoxicillin/clavulanate should be used in patients who fail
first-line medications, have significant comorbidities, have had
recent antibiotic therapy, are allergic to alternative agents, or
have a documented infection with highly drug-resistant
pneumococci.
A patient presents to the clinic for conception counseling. She
recently stopped taking oral contraceptives and would like to
become pregnant. Which statement about conception safety
, after stopping oral contraceptives is correct? - THE CORRECT
ANSWER-
You have a 35-year-old female patient who is complaining of
wrist pain. She is an administrative assistant who does a great
deal of computer work in her job. You will test her for carpal
tunnel syndrome. When you tap at the volar surface of the wrist
you are performing which of the following tests? - THE CORRECT
ANSWER-Tinel's sign
A gastrinoma located on the pancreas or the stomach which
secretes gastrin, stimulating high levels of acid production in
the stomach is which of the following? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
A 16-year-old male is in the office. He has a insect bite on his
left forearm and you suspect a brown recluse spider bite. What
medical management would you provide? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-
ice pack and elevation of the area
In addition to being overweight, the American Diabetes
Association recommends type 2 diabetes mellitus testing in
adults who: - THE CORRECT ANSWER-have an HDL level of < 35
mg/dL
Which of the following found on an ECG would confirm atrial
fibrillation? - THE CORRECT ANSWER--absent P waves
-irregular ventricular rate
A+ STRATEGIES FOR DIAGNOSIS,
PHARMACOLOGY & PREVENTION
(2026–2027)
An understanding of different cultural preferences leads to
cultural competence in healthcare. Some patients may value
traditional culture and preferences as it relates to healthcare.
These individual preferences should be included in the
interview and treatment plan for patients.
Traditionally, the American Indian culture values a holistic
approach to health care integrating the person, lifestyle,
environment, family, and religion. Patients adhering to these
traditional cultural practices often feel that illness is due to a
lack of harmony with the physical body, mind, spirit, and
emotions. Patients may seek care from western medicine for
specific ailments while also consulting with traditional healers
for spiritual guidance.
Healthcare providers should seek to understand relevant
cultural factors and assess each individual's healthcare literacy
in order to provide culturally competent care.
The nurse practitioner sees an older adult patient in the clinic
with the primary report of hearing loss and a sensation of
fullness in the right ear. The nurse practitioner suspects
conductive hearing loss. Which could contribute to this? - THE
CORRECT ANSWER-Cerumen, commonly called earwax, is a
,combination of secretions and sloughed epithelial cells that
protects the ears from infection, water, and insects. It is
normally expelled from the ear canal through natural jaw
movement. When this self-cleaning process fails, cerumen can
become impacted. Cerumen impaction occludes the ear canal
and can press against the tympanic membrane, resulting in
conductive hearing loss.
_________________________________________
Conductive hearing is the transition of sound from the external
and middle ear to the inner ear. Conductive hearing loss is
caused by problems in the external and middle ear that
interfere with the transmission of sound and its conversion to
mechanical vibration. Causes of conductive hearing loss include
obstruction of the external auditory canal by cerumen, foreign
bodies, debris from otitis externa, and large exocytosis and
osteomas.
Sensorineural hearing loss involves difficulty converting
mechanical vibrations to electrical potential in the cochlea or in
auditory nerve transmission to the brain. It is mostly caused by
permanent damage in the organ of Corti. It can be caused by
age-related hearing loss, noise trauma, medications,
autoimmune diseases, mechanical trauma, Meniere disease,
infection, and neoplasm (acoustic neuroma).
Approximately one-third of older adults between the ages of 61
and 70 years have hearing loss. More than 90% of adults older
than 85 years of age have hearing loss. The most common type
of hearing loss is age-related and sensorineural. All adults older
than 60 years of age should be screened for hearing loss at
periodic health examinations.
,An otherwise healthy adult patient presents to the clinic with a
diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia and no recent
antibiotic therapy. Which is the best option for treatment? - THE
CORRECT ANSWER-Amoxicillin
High-dose amoxicillin (Amoxil) or doxycycline are
recommended as first-line therapy for adults without
comorbidities.
___________________________________________
__
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is pneumonia not
acquired in a hospital or long-term care facility. Patients with
suspected CAP should receive a chest X-ray for diagnosis. The
Pneumonia Severity Index should be used to assist in decisions
regarding the need for hospitalization in patients with CAP.
According to the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the
Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) 2019 guidelines,
the initial treatment of CAP for most patients is amoxicillin or
doxycycline. Macrolides are an option for treatment, but are no
longer recommended routinely as first-line treatment, given
increased macrolide resistance. This is a change from the 2007
ATS/IDSA guidelines. Respiratory fluoroquinolones and
amoxicillin/clavulanate should be used in patients who fail
first-line medications, have significant comorbidities, have had
recent antibiotic therapy, are allergic to alternative agents, or
have a documented infection with highly drug-resistant
pneumococci.
A patient presents to the clinic for conception counseling. She
recently stopped taking oral contraceptives and would like to
become pregnant. Which statement about conception safety
, after stopping oral contraceptives is correct? - THE CORRECT
ANSWER-
You have a 35-year-old female patient who is complaining of
wrist pain. She is an administrative assistant who does a great
deal of computer work in her job. You will test her for carpal
tunnel syndrome. When you tap at the volar surface of the wrist
you are performing which of the following tests? - THE CORRECT
ANSWER-Tinel's sign
A gastrinoma located on the pancreas or the stomach which
secretes gastrin, stimulating high levels of acid production in
the stomach is which of the following? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
A 16-year-old male is in the office. He has a insect bite on his
left forearm and you suspect a brown recluse spider bite. What
medical management would you provide? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-
ice pack and elevation of the area
In addition to being overweight, the American Diabetes
Association recommends type 2 diabetes mellitus testing in
adults who: - THE CORRECT ANSWER-have an HDL level of < 35
mg/dL
Which of the following found on an ECG would confirm atrial
fibrillation? - THE CORRECT ANSWER--absent P waves
-irregular ventricular rate
