NURSING FUNDAMENTALS ACTUAL EXAM REVIEW AND STUDY GUIDE
150 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES 2026
LATEST EDITION
1. You enter a resident’s room and notice a new-onset bedsore. Where should you discuss this with
the nurse?
A. In the patient’s room
B. In the hallway with family
C. In private
D. At the local bar
Answer: C
Rationale: Patient information must be discussed privately to maintain confidentiality and
professionalism.
2. To prevent shampoo from getting into a resident’s eyes, you should:
A. Use a handheld nozzle
B. Use dry shampoo
C. Rinse the hair thoroughly
D. Use a washcloth to cover the eyes
Answer: D
Rationale: Covering the eyes protects them from soap and water irritation.
3. Bath water temperature should be:
A. 110–115°F
B. 110–120°F
C. 105°F
D. 105–109°F
Answer: A
Rationale: Water should be warm but not hot to prevent burns, especially in older adults.
4. The term ACUTE illness means:
A. No expectation of recovery
B. Ongoing illness without cure
C. Sudden onset of illness
D. Gradual illness
,Answer: C
Rationale: Acute illnesses begin suddenly and often have a short course.
5. As a nursing assistant, you are allowed to:
A. Take verbal doctor orders
B. Give medications
C. Insert a Foley catheter
D. Report changes in condition to the nurse
Answer: D
Rationale: Nursing assistants must report changes but cannot perform licensed tasks.
6. An assisted living facility provides all EXCEPT:
A. Housing
B. Personal care
C. Social activities
D. 24-hour skilled nursing care
Answer: D
Rationale: Skilled nursing care is provided in nursing homes, not assisted living.
7. Individuals who provide basic nursing care under supervision are called:
A. Licensed practical nurses
B. Case managers
C. Assistive personnel
D. Health care team
Answer: C
Rationale: Nursing assistants are classified as assistive personnel.
8. Federal insurance for older adults and certain disabled individuals is:
A. Medicaid
B. Medicare
C. Blue Cross/Blue Shield
D. Coventry
Answer: B
Rationale: Medicare is a federal health insurance program.
,9. Which nursing care pattern focuses on tasks?
A. Functional nursing
B. Team nursing
C. Primary nursing
D. Care management
Answer: A
Rationale: Functional nursing divides care by tasks rather than by patient.
10. You promote quality of life by:
A. Delegating tasks
B. Bringing gifts
C. Doing everything for the resident
D. Speaking respectfully
Answer: D
Rationale: Respect supports dignity and emotional well-being.
11. A patient has left-sided weakness. Which sleeve do you put on first?
A. Client’s choice
B. Right sleeve
C. Left sleeve
D. Both sleeves together
Answer: C
Rationale: Dress the weak side first to reduce strain and discomfort.
12. Exercises that move joints through their full motion are called:
A. Rotation
B. Adduction
C. Range of Motion
D. Abduction
Answer: C
Rationale: ROM exercises maintain joint flexibility and muscle strength.
13. A resident’s roommate has died. What is the BEST response?
A. Discourage activity
B. Encourage the resident to talk
, C. Minimize the loss
D. Leave them alone
Answer: B
Rationale: Encouraging expression helps with the grieving process.
14. A resident refuses a bed bath. What should you do?
A. Speak loudly
B. Leave immediately
C. Force the bath
D. Calmly reassure and report refusal
Answer: D
Rationale: Residents have the right to refuse care; refusals must be reported.
15. Padding side rails is used to:
A. Restrain the patient
B. Hold call light
C. Keep warm
D. Prevent injury
Answer: D
Rationale: Padding protects residents from harm, not restraint.
16. Which stage of dying is usually the final stage?
A. Anger
B. Acceptance
C. Bargaining
D. Depression
Answer: B
Rationale: Acceptance is the final stage in Kübler-Ross’s stages of dying, where the person comes to
terms with death.
17. Which is the most accurate measure of urinary output?
A. 30 oz
B. 300 mL (cc)
C. 2 cups
D. 1 gallon
150 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES 2026
LATEST EDITION
1. You enter a resident’s room and notice a new-onset bedsore. Where should you discuss this with
the nurse?
A. In the patient’s room
B. In the hallway with family
C. In private
D. At the local bar
Answer: C
Rationale: Patient information must be discussed privately to maintain confidentiality and
professionalism.
2. To prevent shampoo from getting into a resident’s eyes, you should:
A. Use a handheld nozzle
B. Use dry shampoo
C. Rinse the hair thoroughly
D. Use a washcloth to cover the eyes
Answer: D
Rationale: Covering the eyes protects them from soap and water irritation.
3. Bath water temperature should be:
A. 110–115°F
B. 110–120°F
C. 105°F
D. 105–109°F
Answer: A
Rationale: Water should be warm but not hot to prevent burns, especially in older adults.
4. The term ACUTE illness means:
A. No expectation of recovery
B. Ongoing illness without cure
C. Sudden onset of illness
D. Gradual illness
,Answer: C
Rationale: Acute illnesses begin suddenly and often have a short course.
5. As a nursing assistant, you are allowed to:
A. Take verbal doctor orders
B. Give medications
C. Insert a Foley catheter
D. Report changes in condition to the nurse
Answer: D
Rationale: Nursing assistants must report changes but cannot perform licensed tasks.
6. An assisted living facility provides all EXCEPT:
A. Housing
B. Personal care
C. Social activities
D. 24-hour skilled nursing care
Answer: D
Rationale: Skilled nursing care is provided in nursing homes, not assisted living.
7. Individuals who provide basic nursing care under supervision are called:
A. Licensed practical nurses
B. Case managers
C. Assistive personnel
D. Health care team
Answer: C
Rationale: Nursing assistants are classified as assistive personnel.
8. Federal insurance for older adults and certain disabled individuals is:
A. Medicaid
B. Medicare
C. Blue Cross/Blue Shield
D. Coventry
Answer: B
Rationale: Medicare is a federal health insurance program.
,9. Which nursing care pattern focuses on tasks?
A. Functional nursing
B. Team nursing
C. Primary nursing
D. Care management
Answer: A
Rationale: Functional nursing divides care by tasks rather than by patient.
10. You promote quality of life by:
A. Delegating tasks
B. Bringing gifts
C. Doing everything for the resident
D. Speaking respectfully
Answer: D
Rationale: Respect supports dignity and emotional well-being.
11. A patient has left-sided weakness. Which sleeve do you put on first?
A. Client’s choice
B. Right sleeve
C. Left sleeve
D. Both sleeves together
Answer: C
Rationale: Dress the weak side first to reduce strain and discomfort.
12. Exercises that move joints through their full motion are called:
A. Rotation
B. Adduction
C. Range of Motion
D. Abduction
Answer: C
Rationale: ROM exercises maintain joint flexibility and muscle strength.
13. A resident’s roommate has died. What is the BEST response?
A. Discourage activity
B. Encourage the resident to talk
, C. Minimize the loss
D. Leave them alone
Answer: B
Rationale: Encouraging expression helps with the grieving process.
14. A resident refuses a bed bath. What should you do?
A. Speak loudly
B. Leave immediately
C. Force the bath
D. Calmly reassure and report refusal
Answer: D
Rationale: Residents have the right to refuse care; refusals must be reported.
15. Padding side rails is used to:
A. Restrain the patient
B. Hold call light
C. Keep warm
D. Prevent injury
Answer: D
Rationale: Padding protects residents from harm, not restraint.
16. Which stage of dying is usually the final stage?
A. Anger
B. Acceptance
C. Bargaining
D. Depression
Answer: B
Rationale: Acceptance is the final stage in Kübler-Ross’s stages of dying, where the person comes to
terms with death.
17. Which is the most accurate measure of urinary output?
A. 30 oz
B. 300 mL (cc)
C. 2 cups
D. 1 gallon
