1
NR509
NR 509/ NR509 Final Exam Study Review Advanced Physical
Assessment (Latest ) Questions with Verified
Answers - Chamberlain
1. The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that for
women under the age of 50, breast cancer screening decisions should:
A. Be an annual mammogram without exception.
B. Involve a discussion of risks and benefits with their provider to decide on appropriate
screening based on individual preferences and needs.
C. Begin with a baseline MRI.
D. Be deferred until age 50 regardless of risk factors.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Rationale: For women aged 40-49, the USPSTF recommends individualized decision-
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making about when to start screening mammography, based on a woman’s values
regarding the specific benefits and harms.
2. Why are mammograms less accurate in younger women?
A. Breast tissue is less vascular.
B. Higher estrogen levels keep breast tissue dense, which can obscure lesions.
C. Younger women have a higher incidence of benign cysts.
D. The technology is not calibrated for younger tissue.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Rationale: Dense breast tissue, common in premenopausal women due to hormonal
influence, reduces the sensitivity and specificity of mammography by making it harder
to differentiate normal tissue from potential malignancies.
3. Mammograms are most accurate for breast cancer screening in which population?
A. Adolescent females
B. Women of childbearing age
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C. Women after menopause
D. Women taking hormone replacement therapy
CORRECT ANSWER: C
Rationale: After menopause, breast tissue becomes less dense (more fatty), which
increases the accuracy of mammography in detecting abnormalities.
4. A screening test with high sensitivity but lower specificity is most likely to result in:
A. Many false negatives, missing actual disease.
B. Many false positives, leading to unnecessary follow-up testing.
C. Perfect identification of all disease cases.
D. No need for confirmatory testing.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Rationale: High sensitivity means the test correctly identifies most people with the
disease (few false negatives). Lower specificity means it incorrectly identifies many
without the disease as positive (many false positives).
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5. A major concern regarding the recommendation of Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is
that it:
A. Is not effective for any age group.
B. May lead to high rates of invasive testing for findings that are not malignant.
C. Is the most reliable method for early detection.
D. Replaces the need for clinical exams.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Rationale: Controversy exists because BSE may increase anxiety, false-positive findings,
and unnecessary biopsies without clear evidence of reducing mortality from breast
cancer.
6. Why is the Clinical Breast Exam (CBE) a controversial screening modality?
A. It has 100% sensitivity.
B. It is the cheapest form of screening.
C. It has variable sensitivity and specificity and may lead to invasive interventions for
NR509
NR509
NR 509/ NR509 Final Exam Study Review Advanced Physical
Assessment (Latest ) Questions with Verified
Answers - Chamberlain
1. The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that for
women under the age of 50, breast cancer screening decisions should:
A. Be an annual mammogram without exception.
B. Involve a discussion of risks and benefits with their provider to decide on appropriate
screening based on individual preferences and needs.
C. Begin with a baseline MRI.
D. Be deferred until age 50 regardless of risk factors.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Rationale: For women aged 40-49, the USPSTF recommends individualized decision-
NR509
, 2
NR509
making about when to start screening mammography, based on a woman’s values
regarding the specific benefits and harms.
2. Why are mammograms less accurate in younger women?
A. Breast tissue is less vascular.
B. Higher estrogen levels keep breast tissue dense, which can obscure lesions.
C. Younger women have a higher incidence of benign cysts.
D. The technology is not calibrated for younger tissue.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Rationale: Dense breast tissue, common in premenopausal women due to hormonal
influence, reduces the sensitivity and specificity of mammography by making it harder
to differentiate normal tissue from potential malignancies.
3. Mammograms are most accurate for breast cancer screening in which population?
A. Adolescent females
B. Women of childbearing age
NR509
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NR509
C. Women after menopause
D. Women taking hormone replacement therapy
CORRECT ANSWER: C
Rationale: After menopause, breast tissue becomes less dense (more fatty), which
increases the accuracy of mammography in detecting abnormalities.
4. A screening test with high sensitivity but lower specificity is most likely to result in:
A. Many false negatives, missing actual disease.
B. Many false positives, leading to unnecessary follow-up testing.
C. Perfect identification of all disease cases.
D. No need for confirmatory testing.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Rationale: High sensitivity means the test correctly identifies most people with the
disease (few false negatives). Lower specificity means it incorrectly identifies many
without the disease as positive (many false positives).
NR509
, 4
NR509
5. A major concern regarding the recommendation of Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is
that it:
A. Is not effective for any age group.
B. May lead to high rates of invasive testing for findings that are not malignant.
C. Is the most reliable method for early detection.
D. Replaces the need for clinical exams.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Rationale: Controversy exists because BSE may increase anxiety, false-positive findings,
and unnecessary biopsies without clear evidence of reducing mortality from breast
cancer.
6. Why is the Clinical Breast Exam (CBE) a controversial screening modality?
A. It has 100% sensitivity.
B. It is the cheapest form of screening.
C. It has variable sensitivity and specificity and may lead to invasive interventions for
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