BIOLOGY THIRTEENTH EDITION (MCGRAW HILL) REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS RATED A+ SURE PASS

BIOLOGY THIRTEENTH EDITION
(MCGRAW HILL) REVIEW EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS RATED
A+ SURE PASS
(Reviewn1.1)nBiologynunifiesnmuchnofnnaturalnsciencen-
nCORRECTnANSWERSnThenstudynofnbiologicalnsystemsnisninterdisciplinarynbecausensolutionsnrequir


enmanyndifferentnapproachesntonsolvenanproblem.



(Reviewn1.1)nLifendefiesnsimplendefinitionn-
nCORRECTnANSWERSnAlthoughnlifenisndifficultntondefine,nlivingnsystemsnhavensevenncharacteristicsni


nncommon.nTheynarencomposednofnonenornmorencells;narencomplexnandnhighlynordered;ncannrespo
ndntonstimuli;ncanngrow,nreproduce,nandntransmitngeneticninformationntontheirnoffspring;nneednene
rgyntonaccomplishnwork;ncannmaintainnrelativelynconstantninternalnconditionsn(homeostasis);nandn
arencapablenofnevolutionarynadaptationntonthenenvironment.



(Reviewn1.1)nLivingnsystemsnshownhierarchicalnorganizationn-
nCORRECTnANSWERSnThenhierarchicalnorganizationnofnlivingnsystemsnprogressesnfromnatomsntonth


enbiosphere.nAtneachnhighernlevel,nemergentnpropertiesnarisenthatnarengreaternthannthensumnofnthe
nparts.




(Reviewn1.2)nThenNaturenofnSciencen-
nCORRECTnANSWERSnAtnitsncore,nsciencenisnconcernednwithnunderstandingnthennaturenofnthenworl


dnbynusingnobservationnandnreasoning.



(Reviewn1.2)nMuchnofnsciencenisndescriptiven-
nCORRECTnANSWERSnSciencenisnconcernednwithndevelopingnannincreasinglynaccuratendescriptionn


ofnnaturenthroughnobservationnandnexperimentation.

,(Reviewn1.2)nSciencenusesnbothndeductivenandninductivenreasoningn-
nCORRECTnANSWERSnDeductivenreasoningnappliesngeneralnprinciplesntonpredictnspecificnresults.nIn


ductivenreasoningnusesnspecificnobservationsntonconstructngeneralnscientificnprinicples.



(Reviewn1.2)nHypothesis-drivennsciencenmakesnandntestsnpredictionsn-
nCORRECTnANSWERSnHypothesesnarenbasednonnobservations,nandngeneratentestablenpredictions.n


Experimentsninvolvenantestnwherenanvariablenisnmanipulated,nandnancontrolnwherenthenvariablenisnn
otnmanipulated.nIfnthenpredictionsncannotnbenverifiednthenhypothesisnisnrejected.



(Reviewn1.2)nReductionismnbreaksnlargernsystemsnintontheirncomponentnpartsn-
nCORRECTnANSWERSnReductionismnattemptsntonunderstandnancomplexnsystemnbynbreakingnitndow


nnintonitsncomponentnparts.nItnisnlimitednbecausenpartsnmaynactndifferentlynwhennisolatednfromnthe
nlargernsystem.




(Reviewn1.2)nBiologistsnconstructnmodelsntonexplainnlivingnsystemsn-
nCORRECTnANSWERSnAnmodelnprovidesnanwaynofnorganizingnournthinkingnaboutnanproblem;nmodel


snmaynalsonsuggestnexperimentalnapproaches.



(Reviewn1.2)nThennaturenofnscientificntheoriesn-
nCORRECTnANSWERSnScientistsnusenthenwordntheoryninntwonmainnways:nasnanproposednexplanatio


nnfornsomennaturalnphenomenonnandnasnanbodynofnconceptsnthatnexplainsnfactsninnannareanofnstud
y.



(Reviewn1.2)nResearchncannbenbasicnornappliedn-
nCORRECTnANSWERSnBasicnresearchnextendsnthenboundariesnofnwhatnwenknow;nappliednresearchns


eeksntonusenscientificnfindingsninnpracticalnareasnsuchnasnagriculture,nmedicine,nandnindustry.



(Reviewn1.4)nLifenisnsubjectntonchemicalnandnphysicalnlawsn-
nCORRECTnANSWERSnAllnlivingnsystemsnfunctionnbasednonnthenlawsnofnchemistrynandnphysics.

,(Reviewn1.4)nStructurendeterminesnfunctionn-
nCORRECTnANSWERSnThenfunctionnofnmacromoleculesnisndictatednbynandndependentnonntheirnstru


cture.nSimilaritynofnstructurenandnfunctionnmaynindicatenannevolutionarynrelationship.



(Reviewn1.4)nLivingnsystemsntransformnenergynandnmattern-
nCORRECTnANSWERSnLivingnsystemsnhavenanconstantnneednfornenergy,nwhichnisnultimatelynprovide


dnbynthensun.nThennaturenofnlifenisntonconstantlyntransformnenergy.nWenbreakndownnfoodnmolecule
sntonprovidenenergyntonbuildnupncomplexnstructures.



(Reviewn1.4)nLivingnsystemsndependnonninformationntransactionsn-
nCORRECTnANSWERSnHereditaryninformationnfoundninnthenDNAnmoleculenisnpassednonnfromnoneng


enerationntonthennext.nThisninformationnisnreadnoutntonproducenproteins,nwhichnthemselvesnhaveni
nformationninntheirnstructures.nLivingnsystemsncannalsonacquireninformationnaboutntheirnenvironm
ent.



(Reviewn1.4)nEvolutionnexplainsnthenunitynandndiversitynofnlifen-
nCORRECTnANSWERSnThenunderlyingnsimilaritiesninnbiochemistrynandngeneticsnsupportnthenconten


tionnthatnallnlifenevolvednfromnansinglensource.nThendiversitynfoundninnlivingnsystemsnarisesnbynevol
utionarynchange.



(Reviewn2.1)nThenNaturenofnAtomsn-nCORRECTnANSWERSnAllnmatternisncomposednofnatoms.



(Reviewn2.1)nAtomicnstructurenincludesnancentralnnucleusnandnorbitingnelectronsn-
nCORRECTnANSWERSn"Electricallynneutralnatomsnhaventhensamennumbernofnprotonsnasnelectrons.n


Atomsnthatngainnornlosenelectronsnarencallednions.



Elementsnarendefinednbynthennumbernofnprotonsninnthennucleus,nthenatomicnnumber.nAtomicnmass
nisnthensumnofnthenmassnofnprotonsnandnneutrons.nIsotopesnarenformsnofnansinglenelementnwithndiff


erentnatomicnmassnduentondifferentnnumbersnofnneutrons.nRadioactivenisotopsenarenunstable."

, (Reviewn2.1)nElectronsndeterminenthenchemicalnbehaviornofnatomsn-
nCORRECTnANSWERSnThenpotentialnenergynofnelectronsnincreasesnasndistancenfromnthennucleusnin


creases.nElectronnorbitalsnarenprobabilityndistributions.nSnorbitalsnarenspherical;nothernorbitalsnhav
endifferentnshapes,nsuchnasnthendumbbell-shapednpnorbitals.



(Reviewn2.1)nAtomsncontainndiscretenenergynlevelsn-
nCORRECTnANSWERSn"Energynlevelsncorrespondntonquantan(singular,nquantum)nofnenergy,nan""ladd


er""nofnenergynlevelsnthatnannelectronnmaynhave.



Thenlossnofnelectronsnfromnannatomnisncallednoxidation.nThengainnofnelectronsnisncallednreduction.nE
lectronsncannbentransferrednfromnonenatomntonanotherninncouplednredoxnreactions."



(Reviewn2.2)nThenperiodicntablendisplaysnelementsnaccordingntonatomicnnumbernandnpropertiesn-
nCORRECTnANSWERSn"Atomsntendntonestablishncompletelynfullnouternenergynlevelsn(thenoctetnrule)


.nElementsnwithnfillednoutermostnorbitalsnareninert.



Therenaren94nnaturallynoccuringnelements.nTwelvenofnthesenelementsnarenfoundninnlivingnorganism
sninngreaternthanntracenamounts:nO,nC,nH,nN,nP,nS,nNa,nK,nCa,nMg,nFe,nandnCl.



Compoundsnofncarbonnarencallednorganicncompounds.nThenmajoritynofnmoleculesninnlivingnsystem
snarencomposednofnCnboundntonH,nO,nandnN."



(Reviewn2.3)nThenNaturenofnChemicalnBondsn-
nCORRECTnANSWERSnMoleculesncontainntwonornmorenatomsnjoinednbynchemicalnbonds.nCompoun


dsncontainntwonornmorendifferentnelements.



(Reviewn2.3)nIonicnbondsnformncrystalsn-
nCORRECTnANSWERSnIonsnwithnoppositenelectricalnchargesnformnionicnbonds,nsuchnasnNaCl.