HESI NSG 221 MENTAL HEALTH EXAM
ACTUAL PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⫸ Surveillance Answer: a mechanism for the ongoing collection of
community health information (monitoring for changes in disease
frequency, identifying trends in the disease, risk factor status by location
and population subgroups, etc.)
⫸ Host-Agent-Environment Answer: determine the occurence of dz in
human population
- epidemiological triangle - model used to examine the inter-relationship
between host and environmental characteristics
- the model implies that the rate of disease will change when the balance
among these three factors is altered
- by examining these three elements, a community health nurse can
methodically assess a health problem, determine protective factors, and
evaluate the factors that make the host vulnerable to disease
⫸ Agents of Disease - Etiological factors Answer: nutritive elements-
excesses or deficiencies
chemical agents- poisons, allergens
physical agents - ionizing radiation, mechanical
infectious agents - metazoa, protozoa, bacteria, fungi, Rickettsia
,⫸ Host factors (intrinsic factors) - susceptibility or response influence
exposure to agent Answer: genetic, age, sex, ethnic group, physiologic
state, prior immunological state, intercurrent or preexisting disease,
human behavior
⫸ environmental factors (extrinsic factors) - influence existence of the
agent, exposure, or susceptibility to agent Answer: physical: geology ,
climate
biological: human population density , flora, fauna
socioeconomic environments: occupation, urbanization, disruption
(wars, floods)
⫸ Rates Answer: arithmetic expression that helps practitioners consider
a count of an event relative to the size of the population from which it is
extracted (ex: population at risk)
rate = number of health events in a specified period/ population in same
area in same specified period
⫸ morbidity rates Answer: incidence rates
prevalence rates
⫸ incidence rates Answer: describes the occurrence of new cases of a
disease (TB or influenza) or condition (teen pregnancy) in a community
over a given period relative to the size of the population at risk for that
disease or condition during that same period
, incidence rate = (# of new cases or events occurring in the population in
a specific period / population at risk during same specific period ) X K
⫸ prevalence rate Answer: total number of cases of a disease existing in
a population, at a given point in time relative to the total population at
the same time point
(total # of cases of disease in population/ total population)xK
⫸ epidemiology Answer: the study of the distribution and determinants
of health and disease in human populations and is the principal science
of public health
⫸ mortality rates Answer: routinely collected birth and death rates
⫸ crude rates Answer: summarize the occurrence of births, mortality, or
diseases in the general population
numerator = number of events
denominator = average population size or the population size at midyear
multiplied a constant
⫸ age-specific rates Answer: characterize a particular age group in the
population and usually consider deaths and births
ACTUAL PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⫸ Surveillance Answer: a mechanism for the ongoing collection of
community health information (monitoring for changes in disease
frequency, identifying trends in the disease, risk factor status by location
and population subgroups, etc.)
⫸ Host-Agent-Environment Answer: determine the occurence of dz in
human population
- epidemiological triangle - model used to examine the inter-relationship
between host and environmental characteristics
- the model implies that the rate of disease will change when the balance
among these three factors is altered
- by examining these three elements, a community health nurse can
methodically assess a health problem, determine protective factors, and
evaluate the factors that make the host vulnerable to disease
⫸ Agents of Disease - Etiological factors Answer: nutritive elements-
excesses or deficiencies
chemical agents- poisons, allergens
physical agents - ionizing radiation, mechanical
infectious agents - metazoa, protozoa, bacteria, fungi, Rickettsia
,⫸ Host factors (intrinsic factors) - susceptibility or response influence
exposure to agent Answer: genetic, age, sex, ethnic group, physiologic
state, prior immunological state, intercurrent or preexisting disease,
human behavior
⫸ environmental factors (extrinsic factors) - influence existence of the
agent, exposure, or susceptibility to agent Answer: physical: geology ,
climate
biological: human population density , flora, fauna
socioeconomic environments: occupation, urbanization, disruption
(wars, floods)
⫸ Rates Answer: arithmetic expression that helps practitioners consider
a count of an event relative to the size of the population from which it is
extracted (ex: population at risk)
rate = number of health events in a specified period/ population in same
area in same specified period
⫸ morbidity rates Answer: incidence rates
prevalence rates
⫸ incidence rates Answer: describes the occurrence of new cases of a
disease (TB or influenza) or condition (teen pregnancy) in a community
over a given period relative to the size of the population at risk for that
disease or condition during that same period
, incidence rate = (# of new cases or events occurring in the population in
a specific period / population at risk during same specific period ) X K
⫸ prevalence rate Answer: total number of cases of a disease existing in
a population, at a given point in time relative to the total population at
the same time point
(total # of cases of disease in population/ total population)xK
⫸ epidemiology Answer: the study of the distribution and determinants
of health and disease in human populations and is the principal science
of public health
⫸ mortality rates Answer: routinely collected birth and death rates
⫸ crude rates Answer: summarize the occurrence of births, mortality, or
diseases in the general population
numerator = number of events
denominator = average population size or the population size at midyear
multiplied a constant
⫸ age-specific rates Answer: characterize a particular age group in the
population and usually consider deaths and births
